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Dynamic changes in clinical biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases by changes in exercise behavior, and network comparisons: a community-based prospective cohort study in Korea
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JooYong Park, Jaesung Choi, Ji-Eun Kim, Sang-Min Park, Joo-Youn Cho, Daehee Kang, Miyoung Lee, Ji-Yeob Choi
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Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023026. Published online February 16, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023026
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lifestyles, including exercise behaviors, change continually over time. This study examined whether the clinical biomarkers (CBs) related to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and their relationships differed with changes in exercise behavior.
METHODS The Ansan-Ansung cohort study (third to fifth phases; n=2,668) was used in the current study. Regular exercise behavior was investigated using a yes/no questionnaire. Changes in exercise behavior were classified into 4 groups: Y-N, N-Y, Y-Y, and N-N, with “Y” indicating that a participant regularly engaged in exercise at a given time point and “N” indicating that he or she did not. Fourteen CBs related to CMDs were used, and the associations between changes in exercise behavior and relative changes in CBs were examined. CB networks were constructed and topological comparisons were conducted.
RESULTS Y-N was associated with increases in fasting blood sugar and insulin levels in men, and increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in women. Meanwhile, N-Y was inversely associated with body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, fasting insulin, and triglyceride level. Waist circumference played a central role in most networks. In men, more edges were found in the N-Y and Y-Y groups than in the N-N and Y-N groups, whereas women in the N-Y and Y-Y groups had more edges than those in the N-N and Y-N groups.
CONCLUSIONS Consistent exercise or starting to engage in regular exercise had favorable effects on CBs related to CMDs, although their network patterns differed between the sexes.
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Summary
Korean summary
한국 지역사회기반 코호트 자료를 이용하여, 운동 행태 변화에 따른 심혈관대사질환 관련 임상 생체 지표들의 변화가 남녀에 따라, 변화 행태에 따라 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다. 이런 변화와 차이는 네트워크 분석을 통한 구조적인 차이로도 확인되었다.
Key Message
This study examined that changes in the clinical biomarkers related to cardiometabolic diseases differed with changes in exercise behavior using a community-based prospective cohort study in Korea. Consistent exercise or change into exercise behavior had favorable effects on CB related to CMD, although their network patterns differed between the sexes.
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An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with salted clams in Busan, Korea
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Hyunjin Son, Miyoung Lee, Youngduck Eun, Wonseo Park, Kyounghee Park, Sora Kwon, Seungjin Kim, Changhoon Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022003. Published online December 29, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022003
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13,920
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES In July 2019, there were multiple reports on patients with hepatitis A among the visitors of a restaurant in Busan. The current study presents the results of an epidemiological investigation and outlines the supplementary measures that would help with hepatitis A control.
METHODS A cohort study was conducted for all 2,865 customers who visited restaurant A from June to July. Using a standardized questionnaire, participants reported the presence of hepatitis A symptoms and whether they had consumed any of 19 food items. As for participants who had visited public health centers, their specimens were collected.
RESULTS From the study cohort, 155 participants (5.4%) had confirmed hepatitis A. The epidemic curve was unimodal, and the median number of days from the restaurant visit to symptom onset was 31 days. A genotype analysis indicated that 89 of 90 tested patients had hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotype 1A. The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the ingestion of salted clams increased the risk of hepatitis A by 68.12 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.22 to 510.87). In an unopened package of salted clams found and secured through traceback investigation, HAV genotype 1A was detected.
CONCLUSIONS To prevent people from ingesting uncooked clams, there needs to be more efforts to publicize the dangers of uncooked clams; the food sampling test standards for salted clams should also be expanded. Furthermore, a laboratory surveillance system based on molecular genetics should be established to detect outbreaks earlier.
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Summary
Korean summary
2019년 7월, 부산시의 한 식당을 방문한 사람에서 다수의 A형간염 환자가 신고되었다. 2019년 6월 1일부터 7월 28일까지 해당 식당을 방문하여 카드 결제를 한 사람과 동반자 2,865명 전체를 대상으로 코호트 조사를 수행하였다. A형간염에 확진 된 사람은 총 155명으로 발병률은 5.4%였다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 조개젓 섭취는 A형간염 발병 위험을 68.62배(95% CI, 9.22 to 510.87) 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 익히지 않은 조개류를 섭취하지 않도록 더욱 홍보를 강화해야 한다.
Key Message
In July 2019, there were multiple reports on patients with hepatitis A among the visitors of a restaurant in Bu¬san. A cohort study was conducted for all 2,865 customers who visited the restaurant from June to July. From the study cohort, 155 participants (5.4%) had confirmed hepatitis A. The results of a multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the ingestion of salted clams increased the risk of hepatitis A by 68.12 times. To prevent people from ingesting uncooked clams, there needs to be more efforts to publicize the dangers of uncooked clams.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Gender differences in hepatitis A seropositivity rates according to the Republic of Korea’s vaccination policy
Hyunjin Son, Sunhyun Ahn, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Unyeong Go, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(2): 168. CrossRef - Investigating the spatio-temporal variation of hepatitis A in Korea using a Bayesian model
Jaehong Jeong, Mijeong Kim, Jungsoon Choi Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - A Study on the Detection Rate of Hepatitis A from Gastroenteritis Patients and the Genotype Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus in Busan
Sun Hee Park, Chanhee Kim, Summi Lee, Jihye Jeong, Junghye Choi, Seung Ju Lee Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2023; 53(2): 74. CrossRef - A Study on the Detection Rate of Hepatitis A from Gastroenteritis Patients and the Genotype Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus in Busan
Sun Hee Park, Chanhee Kim, Summi Lee, Jihye Jeong, Junghye Choi, Seung Ju Lee Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2023; 53(2): 74. CrossRef - Influence of temperature and precipitation on the incidence of hepatitis A in Seoul, Republic of Korea: a time series analysis using distributed lag linear and non-linear model
Kiook Baek, Jonghyuk Choi, Jong-Tae Park, Kyeongmin Kwak International Journal of Biometeorology.2022; 66(9): 1725. CrossRef
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Epidemiological characteristics of and containment measures for COVID-19 in Busan, Korea
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Hyunjin Son, Hyojung Lee, Miyoung Lee, Youngduck Eun, Kyounghee Park, Seungjin Kim, Wonseo Park, Sora Kwon, Byoungseon Ahn, Dongkeun Kim, Changhoon Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020035. Published online June 1, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020035
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19,475
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Abstract
Objectives To describe and evaluate epidemiological investigation results and containment measures implemented in Busan, where 108 cases were confirmed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between February 21, 2020 and March 24, 2020.
Methods Any individual who tested positive for COVID-19 was classified as a confirmed case. Measures were taken to identify the source of infection and trace and quarantine contacts. Serial intervals were estimated and the effective reproduction number was computed.
Results Of the total 18,303 COVID-19 tests performed between January 16, 2020 and March 24, 2020 in Busan, 108 yielded positive results (positive test rate, 0.6%). All confirmed cases were placed in isolation at hospitals. Of the 108 confirmed cases, 59 (54.6%) were female. The most common age group was 20-29 years with 37 cases (34.3%). Regarding symptoms at the time of diagnosis, cough (n=38, 35.2%) and fever (n=34, 31.5%) were most common; 12 cases (11.1%) were asymptomatic. The source of infection was identified in 99 cases (91.7%). A total of 3,223 contacts were identified and quarantined. Household contacts accounted for 196, and the household secondary attack rate was 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7 to 12.9). The mean serial interval was estimated to be 5.54 days (95% CI, 4.08 to 7.01). After February 26, (R<sub>t</sub>) remained below 1 in Busan.
Conclusions The early containment strategy implemented in Busan shows that control is possible if outbreaks are of limited scope. In preparation for future outbreaks, public health and healthcare systems should be re-examined and put in a ready state.
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Summary
Korean summary
2월 21일부터 3월 24일까지 부산시에서 보고된 108명의 코로나바이러스감염증-19 (코로나19) 확진 환자의 역학 조사 결과와 관리 조치를 기술하고 평가하였다. 초기에는 A 교회 클러스터와 다른 지역에서 유입된 사례로 인해 급격한 환자 증가가 있었고 이후 접촉자를 중심으로 2차 유행을 보였다. 2월 26일 이후 부산 지역의 Rt가 1보다 낮은 값을 보여 전파가 통제되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 부산에서 초기 containment 전략을 시행한 결과 제한된 발생 규모인 경우 통제가 가능하다는 점을 확인하였다. 이후 발생할 유행에 대비해 적극적으로 공중보건 및 보건의료 체계를 정비하고 준비해야 할 것으로 생각된다
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- Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Bing Wang, Prabha Andraweera, Salenna Elliott, Hassen Mohammed, Zohra Lassi, Ashley Twigger, Chloe Borgas, Shehani Gunasekera, Shamez Ladhani, Helen Siobhan Marshall Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.2023; 42(3): 232. CrossRef - Evaluation of the EsteR Toolkit for COVID-19 Decision Support: Sensitivity Analysis and Usability Study
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Sheikh Taslim Ali, Amy Yeung, Songwei Shan, Lin Wang, Huizhi Gao, Zhanwei Du, Xiao-Ke Xu, Peng Wu, Eric H Y Lau, Benjamin J Cowling Clinical Infectious Diseases.2022; 74(4): 685. CrossRef - Core policies disparity response to COVID-19 among BRICS countries
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Mihaela Curmei, Andrew Ilyas, Owain Evans, Jacob Steinhardt International Journal of Epidemiology.2021; 50(5): 1444. CrossRef - Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pratha Sah, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Charlotte F. Zimmer, Elaheh Abdollahi, Lyndon Juden-Kelly, Seyed M. Moghadas, Burton H. Singer, Alison P. Galvani Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Effectiveness of Contact Tracing for Viral Disease Mitigation and Suppression: Evidence-Based Review
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Dwi Sutiningsih, Nur Azizah Azzahra, Yulianto Prabowo, Aris Sugiharto, Mufti Agung Wibowo, Istirochah, Endah Sri Lestari, Estri Aurorina, Eka Pratiwi Maharani, T.R. Soeprobowati, B. Warsito, T. Triadi Putranto E3S Web of Conferences.2021; 317: 04030. CrossRef - Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis
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Follow-up investigation of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases at diagnosis in Busan, Korea
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Miyoung Lee, Youngduck Eun, Kyounghee Park, Jeonghun Heo, Hyunjin Son
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Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020046. Published online June 23, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020046
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to conduct a follow-up investigation of 10 asymptomatic patients at diagnosis among the 98 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported in Busan between February 21, 2020 and March 13, 2020 to determine whether asymptomatic infection and transmission during asymptomatic period are possible.
METHODS The study analyzed 10 asymptomatic, confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine whether asymptomatic infection is possible. We conducted in-depth interviews with patients and guardians; interviews with primary physicians; review of medical records and drug utilization review (DUR) reports; and base station-based location tracking.
RESULTS Among the 98, confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Busan, the study analyzed 10 (10.2%) asymptomatic patients at diagnosis. The results confirmed that two (2.0%) patients reported to be asymptomatic during the initial epidemiological investigation, but turned symptomatic before diagnosis as per the in-depth interview results. Four cases (4.0%) of early detection led to confirmed diagnosis during the incubation period and presentation of symptoms after diagnosis. In addition, the remaining four patients (4.0%), having no subjective symptoms nor specific findings on chest radiography and computed tomography, remained asymptomatic until the isolation order was lifted. With regard to whether transmission during the asymptomatic period is possible, it was found that one out of 23 household contacts of the confirmed patients was identified as an additional confirmed case after coming in close contact with an index patient during the presymptomatic period.
CONCLUSIONS Among the 98 confirmed cases, asymptomatic infection was confirmed in four cases (4.0%). In addition, there was one additional confirmed case in which the patient was a family member who came in close contact with an index patient during the incubation period, thereby confirming that transmission during the asymptomatic period is possible. The possibility of transmission during the asymptomatic period has been confirmed; therefore, it is necessary to review the measures for expanding contact tracing that is currently being applied starting one day prior to the onset of symptoms.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 부산광역시에서 무증상으로 COVID-19에 진단된 10명의 환자를 추적조사하여 무증상 감염이 가능한가, 무증상기에 전파가 가능한가에 대해 확인하였다. 조사결과 4명(4.0%)의 무증상 감염환자를 확인하였고, 환자의 무증상기에 밀접 접촉한 가족 중 1명의 추가 환자를 확인하여 무증상기 전파가 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다.
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Citations
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