Epidemiology and Health

Original Article

Associations of the magnesium depletion score and magnesium intake with diabetes among US adults: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018: Zhong Tian, Shifang Qu, Yana Chen, Jiaxin Fang, Xingxu Song, Kai He, Kexin Jiang, Xiaoyue Sun, Jianyang Shi, Yuchun Tao, Lina Jin; Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024020. Published online January 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024020

29,805 View
194 Download
14 Web of Science
13 Crossref

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The magnesium depletion score (MDS) is considered more reliable than traditional approaches for predicting magnesium deficiency in humans. We explored the associations of MDS and dietary magnesium intake with diabetes.

METHODS

We obtained data from 18,853 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. Using multivariate regression and stratified analysis, we investigated the relationships of both MDS and magnesium intake with diabetes. To compute prevalence ratios (PRs), we employed modified Poisson or log-binomial regression. We characterized the non-linear association between magnesium intake and diabetes using restricted cubic spline analysis.

RESULTS

Participants with MDS ≥2 exhibited a PR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.34) for diabetes. Per-standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96). Subgroup analyses revealed a positive association between MDS ≥2 and diabetes across all levels of dietary magnesium intake, including the lowest (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.55), middle (PR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.35), and highest tertiles (PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.37; pinteraction<0.001). Per-SD increase in magnesium intake was associated with lower diabetes prevalence in participants with MDS <2 (PR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98) and those with MDS ≥2 (PR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; pinteraction=0.030).

CONCLUSIONS

MDS is associated with diabetes, particularly among individuals with low magnesium intake. Adequate dietary magnesium intake may reduce diabetes risk, especially in those with high MDS.

Summary

Key Message
The relationship between magnesium intake and risk is currently understudied in the field of diabetes prevention. The study found that magnesium deficiency is associated with diabetes risk, especially in people with low magnesium intake. Dietary magnesium supplementation may reduce risk and provide a new strategy for diabetes prevention. This study fills this knowledge gap and is important for scientific understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and epidemiological prevention and control.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Magnesium Depletion Score and Mortality in Individuals with Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease over a Median Follow-Up of 26 Years
Lei Fan, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xinyuan Zhang, Shakirat Salvador, Xuehong Zhang, Martha J. Shrubsole, Manhal J. Izzy, Qi Dai
Nutrients.2025; 17(2): 244. CrossRef
Higher magnesium depletion score increases the risk of all‑cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults with diabetes
Hao Zhang, Liping Kuang, Qiang Wan, Amirmohammad Khalaji
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0314298. CrossRef
Association of magnesium depletion score with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hyperlipidemia adults: a large nationwide population-based study
Chengxing Liu, Yuntao Feng, Fan Ping, Litang Huang, Jun Qian, Li Zhou, Fei Chen, Xuebo Liu
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Hypomagnesemia: exploring its multifaceted health impacts and associations with blood pressure regulation and metabolic syndrome
Wenlong Wu, Ming Gong, Pan Liu, Huiying Yu, Xue Gao, Xin Zhao
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Magnesium depletion score is a risk factor for all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality in cancer survivors: evidence from two prospective cohort studies
Yunmiao Ma, Minjie Li, Xing Liu
Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between magnesium depletion score and overactive bladder among U.S. Adults using data from NHANES 2005–2018
Hege Bian, Yuzhong Zhang, Kun Liu
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between magnesium depletion score and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Findings from NHANES 2005 to 2018
Tianjiao Liu, Jie Wang, Chenghuan Ren, Ruotong Yu, Changgeng Fu
Medicine.2025; 104(33): e43914. CrossRef
Magnesium Depletion Score as an Indicator of Health Risk and Nutritional Status—A Scoping Review
Rebecca B. Costello, Zhongqi Fan, Taylor C. Wallace
Nutrients.2025; 17(20): 3286. CrossRef
Blood glucose control, magnesium status, and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from NHANES 2005–2018
Liping Gu, Song Jia, Juan Chen
Science Progress.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Magnesium Matters: A Comprehensive Review of Its Vital Role in Health and Diseases
Ghizal Fatima, Andrej Dzupina, Hekmat B Alhmadi, Aminat Magomedova, Zainab Siddiqui, Ammar Mehdi, Najah Hadi
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Magnesium depletion score and depression: a positive correlation among US adults
Wei Zhao, Hai Jin
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Magnesium depletion score and gout: insights from NHANES data
Xu Cao, Haixia Feng, Huijie Wang
Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between magnesium depletion score and the prevalence of kidney stones in the low primary income ratio: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2007–2018
Jiahao Wang, Yunfei Xiao, Yaqing Yang, Shan Yin, Jianwei Cui, Ke Huang, Jia Wang, Yunjin Bai
International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(12): 7636. CrossRef

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search