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Brief Communication
Validation of the Korean version of the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS-K): a non-invasive self-report tool for epidemiological use
Jeeeun Kim, Dahye Kim, Hyojin Pyun, Woon-Kyeong Jeong, Yuen Mi Cheon, Soo Ji Lee, Joohon Sung
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025059.   Published online October 24, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025059
  • 1,793 View
  • 63 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
As the average age of pubertal onset continues to decline, the need for reliable and culturally appropriate tools to assess pubertal development has become increasingly important. However, no validated, non-invasive, self-report instrument has been available for use in Korea. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the Korean version of the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS-K). The original PDS was translated using a forward–backward translation procedure and reviewed by experts to ensure cultural relevance. The PDS-K was administered to a total of 217 elementary school students (grades 4-6). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated using Cronbach’s α, item–total correlations, Cohen’s kappa, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The PDS-K demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: boys=0.79; girls=0.74) and good test–retest reliability (ICCs: 0.77 for boys; 0.87 for girls). Sex-specific patterns of pubertal progression were also observed. Although further validation across broader age groups and against clinical benchmarks is warranted, the PDS-K provides a practical and culturally adapted tool for the non-invasive assessment of pubertal development and holds promise for large-scale epidemiological research.
Summary
Korean summary
사춘기 발달은 아동과 청소년의 신체적·정신적 건강에 중요한 변화를 동반하며, 조기 사춘기는 다양한 건강 문제와 연관될 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국어판 사춘기 발달 척도(PDS-K)의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검토하고, 초등학생을 대상으로 그 활용 가능성을 탐색하였다. 연구 결과, PDS-K는 자기보고식 평가 도구로서 일정 수준의 신뢰도와 성장 관련 지표와의 연관성을 보였으며, 성별에 따른 사춘기 발달 양상 차이를 반영할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 아동·청소년의 사춘기 발달을 이해하고, 조기 사춘기와 관련된 건강 문제의 선별 및 예방적 접근에 활용될 수 있는 잠재력을 시사한다.
Key Message
Despite the rising prevalence of early puberty in Korea, there is currently no culturally appropriate, non-invasive tool for assessing pubertal development in non-clinical settings. This study developed and evaluated the Korean version of the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS-K), demonstrating its reliability and feasibility. The PDS-K also effectively captured sex-specific patterns in pubertal progression. As a brief and self-administered instrument, the PDS-K is a feasible, culturally adapted tool for non-invasive pubertal assessment in Korea, with potential for large-scale use once further validated.
Original Articles
Personal, community, and societal factors associated with mukbang viewing among adolescents: findings from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Cynthia Yursun Yoon, Seungha Shin, Haemi Jun, Hyeeun Park, Minseo Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025055.   Published online September 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025055
  • 3,089 View
  • 116 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
<i>Mukbang</i> refers to livestreamed videos in which hosts consume large amounts of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods while interacting with viewers. <i>Mukbang</i> is widely viewed by Korean adolescents and has been associated with adverse health outcomes. To inform efforts to prevent excessive engagement with <i>mukbang</i> content among Korean adolescents, this study examined personal, community, and societal factors associated with excessive <i>mukbang</i> viewing (≥7 times/wk) and explored gender differences in these associations.
METHODS
Data were drawn from the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n=36,990; mean age, 15.1±1.7 years; 48.6% girls; 53.2% attending middle school). Self-reported measures included personal (e.g., perceived health, weight, stress, depression, anxiety), community (e.g., living arrangement), and societal factors (e.g., socioeconomic status) and <i>mukbang</i> viewing frequency. Logistic and modified Poisson regression models were used to examine associations with excessive <i>mukbang</i> viewing and to evaluate differences by gender.
RESULTS
Intrapersonal factors—namely perceived health, weight, stress, depression, and anxiety—were associated with excessive <i>mukbang</i> viewing (adjusted prevalence ratios, 1.18 to 1.44), with more pronounced relationships among girls. A community-level factor—living arrangement—displayed a significant association in boys but not in girls. Boys living on campus had 1.42 times the prevalence of excessive <i>mukbang</i> viewing than boys residing with family members (95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.88) after adjustment. Further mutual adjustment attenuated estimates toward the null. Societal factors were not significantly associated with excessive <i>mukbang</i> viewing among adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Personal and community factors were associated with excessive <i>mukbang</i> viewing. Future research should investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Summary
Korean summary
- 건강 인식 저하, 스트레스, 우울, 불안 등 개인적인 요인은 과도한 먹방 시청과 관련이 있었으며, 특히 여학생에게서 두드러져, 정서적 어려움이 먹방을 정서 조절이나 사회적 연결의 수단으로 활용할 가능성을 시사한다 - 기숙사에 거주하는 남학생이 가족과 거주하는 남학생보다 과도하게 먹방을 시청할 가능성이 높았으며, 이는 또래 영향과 지역사회의 환경이 먹방 시청에 중요한 역할을 함을 보여준다 - 사회경제적 수준은 과도한 먹방 시청과 유의한 관련은 없었으며, 이는 모든 청소년을 대상으로 정서적 건강과 건강한 미디어 사용을 촉진하는 보편적 예방 전략이 필요함을 시사한다
Key Message
- Personal factors such as poor perceived health, stress, depression, and anxiety were strongly related to excessive mukbang viewing, particularly among girls, suggesting that emotional distress may drive girls to engage with mukbang as a form of coping or personal connection - Among boys, those living on campus were more likely to view mukbang excessively than those living with family, indicating that community environment and peer influence may contribute to higher engagement in mukbang - Socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with excessive mukbang viewing, implying that prevention efforts should address emotional well-being and healthy media use across all adolescents, regardless of the background
Behavioral and psychosocial factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Korean adolescents: a path analysis using the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Hye-Young Park, Soo Rack Ryu, Hoon-Ki Park, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Kye-Yeung Park
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025047.   Published online August 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025047
  • 4,880 View
  • 102 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Rising obesity rates among adolescents are a major global health concern and are closely linked to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). This study aimed to identify key behavioral and psychosocial factors influencing SSB consumption among adolescents.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which included 49,548 participants aged 12-18 years. Information on SSB consumption frequency, socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, sedentary behaviors, and other health-related factors was collected through self-administered questionnaires. Path analysis was used to model SSB consumption and estimate the direct and indirect effects of modifiable factors.
RESULTS
Male students, current alcohol drinkers, those with higher frequencies of fast-food or late-night snack consumption, and heavy smartphone users were more likely to frequently consume SSBs. Fast-food intake had the strongest direct effect on SSB consumption (B=0.3884), while nighttime eating showed a substantial direct effect (B=0.1437) and mediated 21.7% of the relationship between fast-food intake and SSB consumption. Leisure sitting time exerted both direct (B=0.0741) and indirect effects on SSB intake, mediated through watching mukbang, smartphone use, fast-food consumption, and nighttime eating. Self-perceived health status was negatively associated with SSB consumption (B=-0.0619), with indirect effects mediated by fast-food intake and nighttime eating.
CONCLUSIONS
Among Korean adolescents, SSB consumption was strongly associated with unhealthy eating patterns and prolonged leisure sitting time. Increased fast-food consumption, nighttime eating, watching mukbang, smartphone use, and negative self-perceived health status not only directly influenced SSB intake, but also acted as mediating factors.
Summary
Korean summary
바람직하지 않은 식습관과 과도한 스마트폰 사용은 한국 청소년의 당음료 섭취와 밀접한 관련이 있습니다. 특히 패스트푸드와 야식은 주요한 매개 요인으로 작용하여, 이러한 행동을 줄이면 당음료 섭취를 효과적으로 낮출 수 있습니다. 본 연구는 청소년을 위한 맞춤형 공중보건 개입 전략 수립에 근거를 제공합니다.
Key Message
Unhealthy eating behaviors and excessive screen time are strongly linked to sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among Korean adolescents. Fast-food intake and nighttime snacking act as major mediators, suggesting that reducing these behaviors could significantly decrease SSB intake. These findings provide evidence to guide targeted public health interventions for adolescents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, waist-to-height ratio and psychological symptoms among Chinese adolescents
    Lu Li, Ting Wei, Feng Zhang, Tianyu Zhou
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
Effects of student human rights ordinances on mental health among middle and high school students in South Korea: a difference-in-differences analysis
Sang Jun Eun
Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025011.   Published online March 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025011
  • 10,916 View
  • 173 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To actively protect and enhance students’ human rights, student human rights ordinances (SHROs) have been enforced in seven provinces in South Korea at different times since 2010. Although human rights are closely linked to mental health, there has been no research on the effectiveness of human rights legislation on adolescent mental health. This study evaluated the effects of SHROs on the mental health of middle and high school students.
METHODS
Repeated cross-sectional data were used, including 1,148,257 respondents from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey between 2006 and 2023. Probabilities of perceived stress, sleep insufficiency, depressive mood, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt in treated provinces were estimated through a difference-in-differences approach that accounts for treatment effect heterogeneity across groups over time.
RESULTS
SHROs had no consistently significant effects on any mental health outcomes, except for slightly increased suicide ideation in total students (0.7%, 95% confidence interval 0.3% to 1.1%). Suicide attempts in total and male students and perceived stress and sleep insufficiency in female students tended to decrease, while other mental health outcomes tended to increase. Uncertainty in the effect estimates of SHROs increased for all mental health outcomes with possible violations of parallel trends, rendering originally significant effects insignificant.
CONCLUSIONS
SHROs failed to improve mental health of middle and high school students in treated provinces, possibly due to the absence of enforcement mechanisms. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of and effect mechanisms for legal measures to improve human rights on adolescent mental health.
Summary
Korean summary
학생의 인권을 포괄적으로 보장하기 위해 학생인권조례가 시행되었지만 학생인권조례 시행 지역에서 중고등학생의 정신건강은 향상되지 않았는데, 이는 조례에 벌칙 조항 같은 강제성 기전이 없었기 때문이었을 수 있다. 학생인권조례는 중고등학생의 정신건강에 대해 효과가 없었지만 이 연구는 인권 법제의 청소년 정신건강에 대한 효과를 처음으로 평가했다. 인권증진을 위한 법적 수단의 청소년 정신건강에 대한 효과성과 효과 기전에 관하여 추가 연구가 필요하다.
Key Message
Although student human rights ordinances have been enforced in South Korea to comprehensively guarantee human rights for students, they failed to improve the mental health of middle and high school students in treated provinces, possibly due to the absence of enforcement mechanisms such as penalty provisions. Despite the ineffectiveness of student human rights ordinances, this study first estimated the effects of human rights legislation on adolescent mental health. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of and effect mechanisms for legal measures to improve human rights on adolescent mental health.
Brief Communication
Timely access to secondary pediatric services in Korea: a key to reducing child and adolescent mortality
Minku Kang, Young June Choe, Hye Sook Min, Saerom Kim, Seung-Ah Choe
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024059.   Published online July 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024059
  • 11,155 View
  • 152 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Geographic disparities in access to secondary pediatric care remain a significant issue in countries with universal health coverage, including Korea. This study investigated the link between geographic access to secondary pediatric care and mortality rates in children and adolescents (0-19 years) in Korea.
METHODS
We analyzed district-level data to assess the percentage of those aged 0-19 years residing outside of a 60-minute travel radius from the nearest secondary pediatric care provider (accessibility vulnerability index, AVI).
RESULTS
The AVI ranged from 0% to 100% across the districts for the study period. The confidence interval (CI) was -0.30 (95% CI, -0.41 to -0.19) in 2017 and -0.41 (95% CI, -0.52 to -0.30) in 2021, indicating that the proportion of those who could not access care within 60 minutes was disproportionately higher in districts with lower socioeconomic status. We found 8% rise in mortality rates among individuals aged 0-19 years for every 10% increase in AVI (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.10).
CONCLUSIONS
The study highlights disparities in pediatric care access and their impact on child survival, emphasizing the need for improved access to achieve true universal health coverage.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 한국에서 소아 의료 서비스에 대한 지리적 접근성과 아동 사망률 사이의 연관성을 조사하여, 특히 COVID-19 대유행 기간 동안 접근성 제한이 높은 사망률과 관련이 있음을 발견하였다. 이 연구는 아동 및 청소년의 예방 가능한 사망률에 대한 지역 격차를 줄이기 위해 시기적절한 치료 접근성을 개선해야 할 필요성을 강조하였다.
Key Message
The study investigated the link between geographic access to pediatric services and child mortality in South Korea, finding that limited access, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, was associated with higher mortality. The research highlights the need for improved access to timely care to reduce regional disparities in preventable deaths among children and adolescents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Caregiver priorities and healthcare outcomes in a pediatric home care service for children with medical complexity: a quasi-experimental study
    Kyua Kim, Eunyong Kim, Hyunjin Seo, Myoung Sun Gong, Hooyun Lee, Seung Yeon Kwon, Eun Kyoung Choi
    European Journal of Pediatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Global paediatric workforce crisis: lessons from South Korea
    Young June Choe, Kee-Hyoung Lee
    Archives of Disease in Childhood.2025; 110(8): 665.     CrossRef
Systematic Review
Handgrip strength thresholds associated with metabolic syndrome risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hye Ah Lee, Seunghee Jun, Hyesook Park
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024047.   Published online April 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024047
  • 12,102 View
  • 142 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Certain studies have reported that handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with metabolic health risks in children and adolescents, and some studies have suggested HGS thresholds for identifying poor metabolic health. Therefore, we aimed to determine the HGS thresholds associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents through a systematic review.
METHODS
We searched 3 electronic databases from their inception until October 2023 to identify original papers that focused on children and adolescents and assessed their risks of MetS according to specific HGS values. Studies were selected for inclusion through a planned screening process based on specific criteria. The Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate quality, and a meta-analysis was performed using the diagmeta R package to suggest the optimal thresholds.
RESULTS
From the search, 8 studies were selected for this systematic review. For detecting MetS risk, the optimal threshold for HGS (defined as relative HGS by adjusting for body mass) was found to be 0.422, with a sensitivity of 76.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.0 to 85.8) and a specificity of 62.9% (95% CI, 56.9 to 68.5). The stratification analysis by sex resulted in optimal thresholds of 0.416 for boys and 0.376 for girls. Additionally, when the data were stratified by age, the thresholds were 0.356 for children and 0.416 for adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results provide practical information for detecting high-risk groups and encouraging strength-related activities that may reduce the risk of MetS in children and adolescents.
Summary
Korean summary
- 본 연구는 체계적 고찰 및 메타 분석을 수행하여 아동 및 청소년의 대사 증후군(MetS) 위험을 감지하기 위한 최적의 악력 임계값을 제안했습니다. - 본 연구 결과는 아동 및 청소년의 대사 증후군(MetS) 위험을 줄이기 위해 근력 관련 활동이 필요한 고위험군을 식별하는 데 사용할 수 있으므로 1차 임상 및 공공 의료에 실용적인 정보를 제공합니다.
Key Message
- This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to propose the optimal handgrip strength (HGS) threshold for detecting the risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. - The results provide practical information for primary clinical and public healthcare, as they can be used to identify high-risk groups in need of strength-related interventions to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Handgrip Strength Thresholds to Detect Cardiometabolic Risk in Youth: Cross‐Sectional Study and Meta‐Analysis
    Antonio García‐Hermoso, Rodrigo Yáñez‐Sepúlveda, Ignacio Hormazábal‐Aguayo, Jacinto Muñoz‐Pardeza, Vicente Martínez‐Vizcaíno, Juan Hurtado‐Almonacid, Yasmin Ezzatvar
    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Disability-Related Disparities in Preventive Healthcare Access in South Korea: Insights From National Health Insurance Data
    Sujin Kim, Boyoung Jeon
    International Journal of Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends and distributional characteristics in handgrip strength of 1,082,296 children and adolescents in China: an analysis from five representative cross-sectional surveys from 2000 to 2019
    Ziteng Li, Chengyue Li
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Articles
Association of plain water intake with self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents
Jung Woo Lee, Yookyung Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024019.   Published online January 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024019
  • 14,306 View
  • 127 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Adolescent depression and suicidality are serious health problems worldwide. Lower plain water intake has been proposed as a risk factor for depression in adults. This study investigated the association of daily plain water intake with self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents.
METHODS
We used nationwide data from 112,250 students aged 12-18 years who participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys in 2019 and 2020. Daily plain water intake was categorized as <1 glass, 1-2 glasses, and ≥3 glasses. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self-reported depression and suicidality were calculated using multiple regression analyses.
RESULTS
The weighted prevalence rates of self-reported depression, suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts were 26.7%, 12.0%, 3.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. Of the participants, 3.9%, 18.5%, and 77.7% were categorized into the <1 glass/day, 1-2 glass/day, and ≥3 glass/day groups, respectively. Compared to the reference group (≥3 glass/day), the lowest level of water intake (<1 glass/day) was associated with higher odds of self-reported depression (aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.39), suicidal ideation (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.55), suicide planning (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.69), and suicide attempts (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.67). Moderately lower water intake (1-2 glass/day) showed slightly increased odds of self-reported depression (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.10) and suicidal ideation (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.14).
CONCLUSIONS
Lower plain water intake was significantly associated with a higher risk of self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents. Since this cross-sectional study is unable to establish a causal relationship, it underscores the need for additional longitudinal research.
Summary
Korean summary
- 한국 청소년들에서 하루 물 섭취량이 적을수록 스스로 느끼는 우울감과 자살성향 위험이 증가하였다. - 이 연구는 하루 물 섭취량 측정이 청소년 우울증과 자살성향을 선별할 수 있음을 시사한다.
Key Message
- Lower daily plain water intake is significantly associated with a higher risk of self-reported depression and suicidality in Korean adolescents. - It suggests that daily plain water consumption could potentially serve as a screening indicator to identify depression and suicidality in adolescents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association between plain water intake and the risk of osteoporosis among middle-aged and elderly people in the United States: a cross-sectional study
    Xudong Wang, Meng Wang, Zijian Guo, Chuan Xiang
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of constipation with suicidal ideation among US adults and the partial mediating role of depression
    Pengfei Wang, Yan Wang, Hong Li, Feng Gao, Xiaojie Huang, Ying Ye, Xiaohua Yan, Yishun Jin
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mitigating Weight Gain Side Effects by Reducing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Youth Newly Prescribed Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medication
    Kristin Bussell, Heidi Wehring, Susan dosReis, Raymond C. Love, Jason Schiffman, John Sorkin, Zhaoyong Feng, Sarah Edwards, Erin Hager, Elizabeth A. Dennis, Kathleen Connors, Kathryn McDonald, Meredith Roberts, Emily Wolfe, Shlomo Resnik, Gloria Reeves
    Nutrients.2025; 18(1): 24.     CrossRef
Decrease in household secondhand smoking among Korean adolescents associated with smoke-free policies: grade-period-cohort and interrupted time series analyses
Hana Kim, Heewon Kang, Sung-il Cho
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024009.   Published online December 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2024009
  • 13,153 View
  • 140 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Smoke-free areas have expanded and related campaigns have been implemented since 1995 in Korea. As a result, household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has decreased over the past 15 years. We assessed the cohort effect, the effect of a 2008 campaign on household SHS exposure, and the impact of a complete smoking ban in public places along with increased penalties, as implemented in December 2011.
METHODS
Nationally representative cross-sectional 15-wave survey data of Korean adolescents were used. The 810,516 participants were classified into 6 grade groups, 15 period groups, and 20 middle school admission cohorts. An age-period-cohort analysis, conducted with the intrinsic estimator method, was used to assess the cohort effect of household SHS exposure, and interrupted-time series analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the smoke-free policy and the campaign.
RESULTS
For cohorts who entered middle school from 2002 to 2008, the risk of household SHS exposure decreased among both boys and girls. Immediately after implementation of the smoke-free policy, the prevalence of household SHS exposure by period decreased significantly for boys (coefficient, -8.96; p<0.05) and non-significantly for girls (coefficient, -6.99; p=0.07). After the campaign, there was a significant decrease in household SHS exposure by cohort among boys, both immediately and post-intervention (coefficient, -4.84; p=0.03; coefficient, -1.22; p=0.02, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
A school-admission-cohort effect was found on household SHS exposure among adolescents, which was associated with the smoke-free policy and the campaign. Anti-smoking interventions should be implemented consistently and simultaneously.
Summary
Korean summary
지난 15년 동안 한국 청소년의 가정 내 간접흡연 노출은 감소했다. 가정 내 간접흡연 노출에 대하여 중학교 입학 코호트 효과가 존재하였다. 또한, 청소년의 가정 내 간접흡연 노출 감소는 2011년 12월 공공장소에서의 금연구역 규제와 2008년 시행된 캠페인과 연관되어 있었다.
Key Message
Household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among Korean adolescents has decreased over the past 15 years. There was a school admission cohort effect on household SHS exposure. A complete smoking ban in public space with increased penalties in December 2011 and a campaign in 2008 to avoid SHS exposure were associated with reduced household SHS exposure among adolescents.

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  • Effectiveness of tobacco control policy interventions on tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes based on ITS research methodology: a scoping review
    Ying Shi, Dan Qin, Haiyin Wang, Lihang Sun, Kaicheng Gu
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(11): e094148.     CrossRef
Trends in the effects of socioeconomic position on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among Korean adolescents
Hunju Lee, Hyowon Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Hyeon Chang Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023085.   Published online September 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023085
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We examined trends in physical activity and sedentary behavior in Korean adolescents, and their association with socioeconomic position (SEP).
METHODS
We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationwide study involving students aged 12-19 conducted between 2009 and 2021. SEP was assessed based on economic status, parental education attainment, and urbanization. Physical activity was categorized into vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and muscle training, and sedentary time was also measured. We conducted the log-binomial regression to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and prevalence differences.
RESULTS
Our analysis included a total of 593,896 students. We observed an increasing trend in physical activity, but a worsening trend in sedentary behavior. A positive association was found between an adolescent’s physical activity and SEP indicators, except for urbanization. Adolescents with higher economic status engaged in more vigorous physical activity (high: PR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 1.28; middle: PR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04). Similar associations were observed for father’s education (tertiary or above: PR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.13; upper secondary: PR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.07) and mother’s education (tertiary or above: PR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.20; upper secondary: PR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08). Adolescents with higher economic status also showed a higher compliance rate with the guideline restricting sedentary time to 2 hours per day (high: PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.30; middle: PR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents with higher SEP exhibited more physical activity and less sedentary time than those with lower SEP.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 2009년부터 2021년까지 청소년의 사회경제적 지위가 신체활동과 좌식생활습관에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 청소년의 경제적 상태, 아버지와 어머니의 교육수준이 높을수록 청소년의 신체활동이 증가하고 좌식생활이 감소하였다. 그러나 청소년이 사는 지역의 도시화 정도는 영향을 미치지 않았다.
Key Message
This article analyzes the effects of an adolescent's socio-economic position on their physical activity and sedentary behavior from 2009 to 2021. The higher the adolescent's economic status, father's education, or mother's education, the more they engaged in physical activity and the less time they spent in sedentary behaviors. However, the level of urbanization in the area where the adolescent resided had no effect.

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  • Association Between Physical Activity and Perceived Stress Among Adolescents Across Urbanicity Levels: Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2018-2023
    Eunhui Kim, Chae-Been Kim, Seungho Ryu
    The Asian Journal of Kinesiology.2026; 28(1): 139.     CrossRef
  • Global trends in importance of 24-hour movement behaviors to pediatric health: implications for South Korea
    Eun-Young Lee, Reyana Jayawardena, Seiyeong Park, Justin Y Jeon, Yeon-Soo Kim, Mark S. Tremblay
    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2025; 68(1): 16.     CrossRef
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    Su Kyoung Lee, Yong Jin Kwon, Zulkarnain Jaafar
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    Zhidong Zhou, Jianhua Zhang, Chengyue Li, Yi Wan, Jianwu Liu, Tao He
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    Weihan Yuan, Guihong Wang, Zixian Wang
    Frontiers in Psychology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Suin Park, Heesoo Lee, Wanhyung Lee, Mi-Jeong Lee
    Children.2025; 13(1): 20.     CrossRef
  • Gender Differences in the Association Between Sedentary Behavior and Mental Health Among Korean Adolescents: Analysis of the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
    Kyong Sil Park
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2025; 39(3): 423.     CrossRef
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    Hongcheng Luo, Xing Zhang, Songpeng Su, Mingyang Zhang, Mingyue Yin, Siyuan Feng, Rui Peng, Hansen Li
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sarang Jang, Na-Young Park
    Children.2024; 11(8): 1003.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Nutrition Knowledge After One Year of Intervention in a National Extracurricular Athletics Program: A Cross-Sectional Study with Pair-Matched Controls of Polish Adolescents
    Dominika Skolmowska, Dominika Głąbska, Dominika Guzek, Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk, Hanna Nałęcz, Blanka Mellová, Katarzyna Żywczyk, Krystyna Gutkowska
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Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among Korean adolescents: the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) 2006 to 2020
Eunji Kim, Ga Bin Lee, Dong Keon Yon, Hyeon Chang Kim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023033.   Published online March 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023033
  • 25,723 View
  • 346 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated recent trends in the prevalence of obesity among Korean adolescents and explored socioeconomic disparities in obesity.
METHODS
This study used annual self-reported data on height, weight, and socioeconomic information from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2006 to 2020. With a 95.8% response rate, the sample consisted of 818,210 adolescents. Obesity prevalence was calculated according to 4 socioeconomic indicators (household income, father’s educational attainment, mother’s educational attainment, and urbanicity). Socioeconomic inequality was quantified using the relative index of inequality (RII).
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of obesity increased, doubling from 5.9% in 2006 to 11.7% in 2020. Boys and high school students showed a higher prevalence. The RIIs in household income and parental educational attainments significantly increased with time, indicating a growing inequality in obesity. Socioeconomic disadvantages had a greater influence on obesity among girls. The most recent RII values for boys were 1.25 for income, 1.79 for the father’s education, and 1.45 for the mother’s education, whereas the corresponding values for girls were 2.49, 3.17, and 2.62, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight growing inequalities in adolescent obesity according to household income and parental educational attainments, especially for girls and middle schoolers.
Summary
Korean summary
2006년부터 2020년까지 청소년 비만의 유병은 증가 추세에 있을 뿐 아니라, 가정의 경제상태, 부모의 학력수준에 따른 비만의 위험 격차도 점점 심해지는 추세를 보였다. 특히, 남학생과 고등학생의 비만 유병률이 높게 나타났으나, 사회경제적 지표에 따른 비만의 불평등 격차는 여학생과 중학생에서 높게 나타났다.
Key Message
Not only the prevalence but also socioeconomic inequality in adolescent obesity increased between 2006 and 2020. The potential impact of socioeconomic disparity on obesity was greater in girls and middle school students than their counterparts.

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  • Global Trends in Adolescent Health Inequalities and Their Social Determinants: A Bibliometric and Scoping Review
    Yang Wu, Xiaojuan Zeng, Zihan Zhou, Shiyou Wu
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    Deepali K. Ernest, Elizabeth A. Onugha, Bipin Singh, Shreela V. Sharma, Jayna M. Dave, Samuel Menahem
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COVID-19: Special Article
Changes in mental health of Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Bomi Park, Jihee Kim, Jieun Yang, Sunhye Choi, Kyungwon Oh
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023019.   Published online February 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023019
  • 22,163 View
  • 398 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to study the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on adolescents’ mental health in Korea.
METHODS
We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2018-2021 with 227,139 students aged 12-18 years. We estimated the differences in depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and stress perception before (2018-2019) and during (2020-2021) the pandemic, as well as before (2019), the first year (2020) of, and the second year (2021) of the pandemic. We also examined whether COVID-19 is statistically associated with mental health.
RESULTS
In both male and female adolescents, the prevalence of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and stress perception was higher in the “not living with family,” “low household economic status,” and “self-rated unhealthy status” subgroups. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and stress perception was higher in middle school students. Adolescents were less likely to experience depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.89), suicidal ideation (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.83), and stress perception (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.79) in 2020 than in 2019. However, there were more depressive symptoms (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.09), suicidal ideation (aOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.21), and stress perception (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.23) in 2021 than in 2020.
CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 pandemic had positive impacts on mental health of adolescents in its early stages but has had negative impacts as the pandemic continues. Attention should be paid to adolescents who are particularly vulnerable to the mental health effects of the pandemic.
Summary
Korean summary
The results from a nationally representative data showed that mental health in adolescents was improved in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic, but it was deteriorated in the second year of the pandemic compared to the first year.
Key Message
본 연구에서는 대규모 건강조사를 이용하여 코로나19가 장기화됨에 따른 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 2018년-2021년 청소년건강행태조사에 참여한 만 12-18세 청소년 227,139 명을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 코로나19 유행 첫번째 해(2020년)에는 코로나19 유행 이전에 비해 정신건강이 개선되었으나, 코로나19 유행 두 번째 해(2021년)에는 코로나19 유행 첫 번째 해에 비해 청소년 정신건강이 나빠졌다. 또한 가족과 함께 거주하지 않는 경우, 가정 경제 수준이 낮은 경우, 본인이 건강하지 않다고 인지하는 경우에 더 취약하였다.

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  • Changes in Mental Health Among Adolescents in South Korea Before and After COVID-19: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis From 2015 to 2022
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    Mi-Sun Lee, Hooyeon Lee
    Psychiatry Investigation.2023; 20(11): 1086.     CrossRef
COVID-19: Special Article
Changes in health behaviors and obesity of Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Chang-Mo Oh, Yangha Kim, Jieun Yang, Sunhye Choi, Kyungwon Oh
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023018.   Published online February 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023018
  • 25,937 View
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate changes in health behaviors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, dietary behaviors, and obesity, before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS) database.
METHODS
KYRBS data from 2015 to 2021 were used in this study. Differences in health behaviors between before (pre-pandemic period: 2018-2019) and during (pandemic period: 2020-2021) the pandemic were examined. Differences were compared using linear regression and the chi-square test considering the complex survey design after adjusting for grade level.
RESULTS
The prevalence of current cigarette smoking and current alcohol drinking significantly decreased in both male and female students during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. However, the prevalence of obesity significantly increased in both male and female students during the same period. When examining physical activity and dietary behaviors closely related to obesity, fast food consumption increased and fruit consumption decreased during the pandemic in both male and female students, whereas no significant changes in physical activity were observed in either male or female students.
CONCLUSIONS
The deterioration of adolescent dietary behaviors and an increase in the prevalence of obesity can increase the future disease burden, and concerted efforts at the individual and national levels are needed to reduce obesity and promote healthy dietary behaviors.
Summary
Korean summary
이 연구는 한국 청소년건강행태조사자료(KYRBS)를 사용하여 코로나19 유행 전후의 우리나라 청소년들의 흡연, 음주, 신체활동, 식습관, 비만 등의 건강행태의 변화에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 2015년부터 2021년까지의 청소년건강행태조사자료를 사용하여, 코로나19 유행 이전 (2018-2019년)과 코로나 유행 이후 (2020-2021년) 기간의 건강행태의 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 학년레벨을 보정한 후, 복합표본설계를 고려하여 로지스틱 회귀분석과 카이제곱검정을 이용하여 코로나19 유행 이전 (2018-2019년)과 비교하여, 코로나 유행 이후 (2020-2021년) 기간의 건강행태의 변화가 있었는지에 대하여 확인하였다. 그 결과, 코로나19 유행 이전 (2018-2019년)과 비교하여, 코로나19 유행 기간(2020-2021년) 동안에 현재흡연율과 현재음주율이 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 동일한 기간 동안에 남학생과 여학생 모두에서 비만율이 유의하게 증가하였는데, 비만율과 관련된 신체활동 및 식습관에 대하여 살펴보았을 때, 신체활동에서는 유의한 변화가 없었던 반면, 남학생과 여학생 모두에서 패스트푸드 섭취는 증가하고 과일섭취가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 코로나19 유행기간 동안 흡연율 및 음주율 등의 청소년 건강에 유익한 변화도 있었으나, 비만율도 같이 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 청소년기의 식습관의 악화 및 비만율의 증가는 미래 우리나라의 질병부담을 증가시킬 수 있기 때문에, 청소년의 비만율을 낮추고 건강한 식습관을 증진시키기 위한 개인 및 사회 차원의 노력이 필요하다.
Key Message
-The current cigarette smoking and current alcohol drinking rates significantly decreased among Korean adolescents during the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period. -On the other hand, the obesity rate increased significantly especially among Korean male adolescents, which is accompanied by changes in dietary habits such as an increase in fast food intake and a decrease in fruit intake.

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Original Articles
Associations between digital media use and lack of physical exercise among middle-school adolescents in Korea
Gyeongmin Kim, Hyunsuk Jeong, Hyeon Woo Yim
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023012.   Published online January 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023012
  • 22,911 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The reported effects of digital media overuse on physical activity among adolescents are inconsistent. This study examined the association between hours of digital media use and lack of moderate-intensity physical exercise (mPE) according to the type of digital media.
METHODS
This study included 1,837 middle school students from the iCURE (Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence) study conducted in Korea. Hours spent using digital media were measured by self-reported daily usage time for Internet games, messengers, social media, and watching game streaming on weekdays. Lack of mPE was defined as performing a minimum of 30 minutes at a time less than twice weekly. Multivariable logistic regression analysis stratified by sex was performed.
RESULTS
Among male students, the group with the highest hours of using either Internet games or watching game streaming was more likely to lack mPE than each non-user group. In contrast, among male students, the group using either messengers or social media had a higher rate of mPE compared to each non-user group. Female students showed no association between hours spent using Internet games, messengers, social media, or watching game streaming and a lack of mPE.
CONCLUSIONS
Among male middle school students in Korea, the excessive use of Internet games or watching game streaming was associated with a lack of mPE. Thus, guidelines should be established regarding adolescent use of internet games and watching game streaming.
Summary
Korean summary
한국에서 남, 여 중학생을 대상으로 4개 인터넷 매체(인터넷 게임, 메신저, 소셜미디어, 게임 스트리밍 시청) 과다사용과 신체 운동 부재와의 연관성을 알아보기 위한 단면조사 연구를 시행하였다. 남자 중학생에서 인터넷 게임 사용 또는 게임 스트리밍 시청 시간이 가장 높은 사분위 그룹은 비이용 그룹보다 중간 강도의 신체운동 부재율이 유의하게 높았다.
Key Message
A cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the relationship between excessive use of four Internet media (internet games, messengers, social media, and game streaming) and lack of physical exercise targeting male and female middle school students in Korea. Among male middle school students, the upper quartile group with the highest Internet game use or game streaming viewing time had a significantly higher moderate-intensity physical exercise absence rate than the non-use group.

Citations

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  • Religion and Social Media Use: Protective Factors for Youth Well-Being in the Digital Age?
    Laura Upenieks, Terrence D. Hill
    Journal of Psychology and Theology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ebru Sönmez Sari, Handan Terzi, Didem Şahin
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    Hongjian Cao, Shaofan Wang, Nan Zhou, Ming-Chen Zhang
    Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.2025; 97: 101761.     CrossRef
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    Lin Wang, Wanyi Wang, Wanyan Fei, Zhiyou Wang
    Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Wangjie Li, Zhan Chen
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • ‘We wanted to spend more time with each other than with our phones’. Relationship between digital disconnection and physical activity of family members
    Katarzyna Kopecka-Piech
    Cogent Arts & Humanities.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cyber Sex Crimes Targeting Children and Adolescents in South Korea: Incidents and Legal Challenges
    Yujin Jang, Youngmeen Suh
    Social Sciences.2024; 13(11): 596.     CrossRef
  • Trends in the effects of socioeconomic position on physical activity levels and sedentary behavior among Korean adolescents
    Hunju Lee, Hyowon Choi, Sang Baek Koh, Hyeon Chang Kim
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023085.     CrossRef
Parental concerns about COVID-19 vaccine safety and hesitancy in Korea: implications for vaccine communication
Hye-Kyung Cho, Hyunju Lee, Young June Choe, Shinkyeong Kim, Sujin Seo, Jiwon Moon, Eun Hwa Choi, Geun-Yong Kwon, Jee Yeon Shin, Sang-Yoon Choi, Mi Jin Jeong, Myoungsoon You
Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023004.   Published online December 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023004
  • 19,010 View
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  • 10 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Vaccination is one of the most important strategies to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccination in children is dependent on their parents, making it important to understand parents’ awareness and attitudes toward vaccines in order to devise strategies to raise vaccination rates in children.
METHODS
A web-based nationwide survey was conducted among Korean parents of 7-year-old to 18-year-old children in August 2021 to estimate parents’ intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and identify key factors affecting parental acceptance and hesitancy through regression analysis.
RESULTS
Approximately 56.4% (575/1,019) were willing to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Contributing factors to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were being a mother (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25 to 0.52), a lower education level (aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.97), hesitancy to other childhood vaccines (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.96), and refusal to vaccinate themselves (aOR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.20). Having older children (aOR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.28), trusting the child’s doctor (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.32), positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine’s effectiveness (aOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.90 to 3.57) and perceiving the COVID-19 vaccine as low-risk (aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.24) were associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Concerns about adverse reactions were the most common cause of hesitancy.
CONCLUSIONS
Providing parents with accurate and reliable information on vaccine effectiveness and safety is important to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children. Differential or targeted approaches to parents according to gender, age, and their children’s age are necessary for effective communication about vaccination in children.
Summary
Korean summary
부모에게 백신 효과와 안전성에 대한 정확하고 믿을만한 정보를 제공하는 것이 소아 코로나19 백신 접종률을 높이는데 중요하다. 자녀의 백신 접종에 대한 의사소통을 효율적으로 하기 위해서는 부모의 성별과 연령, 자녀의 연령을 고려한 차별적인 접근 방법이 필요하다.
Key Message
To improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake in children, it's crucial to provide parents with reliable and precise information about vaccine safety and effectiveness. Targeted communication strategies that consider factors such as the age of the parents and their children, as well as gender, may be necessary to effectively convey this information.

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  • Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Epistemic Antecedents: A Meta-Analysis
    Emily A. Andrews, Nathan Walter, Yotam Ophir, Dror Walter, Christiana L. Robbins
    Health Communication.2025; 40(10): 1934.     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence Trends of Antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2 in South Korea, 2021–2022: A Repeated Cross‐Sectional Study
    Ah‐Ra Kim, Chiara Achangwa, Hyeon Nam Do, Eun Young Jang, Yukyung Nam, Seonghui Cho, Taegu Kim, Hye‐Sook Jeong, Gi‐eun Rhie, Kyungwon Oh, Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, Seunghyeon Lee, Junewoo Lee, Sukhyun Ryu
    Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vaccination in the shadow of uncertainty: Exploring the links between government trust and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance
    Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, S. Wilton Choi
    Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Safety of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children with chronic kidney disease: a national population study from South Korea
    Young June Choe, Yo-Han Ahn, Eunsun Gwak, Eunseo Jo, Jinseob Kim, Seung-Ah Choe
    Pediatric Nephrology.2024; 39(2): 625.     CrossRef
  • Assessing the determinants of influenza and COVID-19 vaccine co-administration decisions in the elderly
    Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, So-Yeon Kim, Minju Song, Hyung-Min Lee, Seon-Hwa Ban, Mi-Soon Lee, Hyesun Jeong
    Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Descriptive cross-sectional study to evaluate perception, attitude, and practice of parents regarding COVID-19 vaccination in children 10–12 years of age—A step toward prevention of future COVID-19 outbreaks in India
    Vivek Mehta, Deep Inder, Pawan Kumar, Anupma Raheja
    Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2024; 13(5): 2104.     CrossRef
  • Comparative safety of monovalent and bivalent mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccines in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the Republic of Korea
    Mijeong Ko, Seontae Kim, Seok-Kyoung Choi, Seung Hwan Shin, Yeon-Kyeng Lee, Yunhyung Kwon
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(4): 364.     CrossRef
  • Pediatric asthma and COVID-19 vaccination: unveiling patterns of hesitancy and acceptance
    Marzieh Tavakol, Saber Gharagozlou, Mohammad Abbasi, Zahra Zamani, Mohammad Gharagozlou
    Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Willingness and hesitancy of parents to vaccinate against COVID-19 their children ages 6 months to 4 years with frail conditions in Italy
    Grazia Miraglia del Giudice, Giorgia Della Polla, Mario Postiglione, Italo Francesco Angelillo
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations between Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Maternal Attitudes towards Childhood Vaccination in Cyprus—A Cross-Sectional Survey
    Maria Kyprianidou, Georgia Fakonti, Eleana Tzira, Magdalini Pylli, Konstantinos Giannakou
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Changes in eating behaviors according to household income in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Hye Ah Lee, Ho Jung Lee, Bomi Park, Yoonhee Shin, Hyunjin Park, Hyesook Park
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022102.   Published online November 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022102
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To assess social inequalities in changes in dietary behaviors among adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we compared changes in dietary behavior indicators by household income.
METHODS
Using cross-sectional data from the 2019 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of dietary behaviors in adolescents (12-18 years old) was estimated and changes in dietary behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. We assessed changes in dietary behaviors with a household income (as a measure of socioeconomic status, SES) disparity.
RESULTS
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average consumption of vegetables decreased and food insecurity worsened. Adolescents were more likely to skip breakfast than before COVID-19 (33.1 and 37.4%). Soft drink consumption also increased in 2020 from 2019 (7.6 and 14.8%), especially among boys. Average sugar intake and sodium intake showed a tendency to decrease only in girls, but there was no significant difference according to SES level. Skipping breakfast was particularly evident in the low-SES group, and the difference according to household income level (high vs. low) was greater during COVID-19 than before. The prevalence of soft drink consumption increased significantly in the low-SES group, but the rate of increase did not differ by SES level.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that the social disparity in skipping breakfast was further aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. To reach a better understanding of the dietary behaviors of adolescents, continuous monitoring is necessary.
Summary
Korean summary
국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여, COVID-19 팬데믹 전후 청소년의 식생활 변화 및 가구소득 수준에 따른 차이를 평가하였다. 대체로, 평균 채소 섭취량은 감소하고 탄산음료 소비는 증가한 것으로 나타났으며, 아침식사 결식율도 약간 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 게다가, 가구소득 수준에 따라 평가하였을 때, 아침식사 결식율 증가는 가구소득이 높은 군에 비해 가구소득 수준이 낮은 군에서 두드러진 것으로 나타났다. COVID-19 팬데믹이 장기화됨에 따라, 청소년의 식생활 변화에 대해서는 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다.
Key Message
Using data from the 2019 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, changes in dietary behaviors of adolescents (12-18 years old) during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, average consumption of vegetables decreased and consumption of soft drinks increased in 2020 from 2019 (7.6% and 14.8%). In addition, the social disparity in skipping breakfast among adolescents was further aggravated. To reach a better understanding of the dietary behaviors of adolescents, continuous monitoring is necessary.

Citations

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  • Dietary Changes of Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
    Nicolas Woods, Jamie A Seabrook, Holly Schaafsma, Shauna Burke, Trish Tucker, Jason Gilliland
    The Journal of Nutrition.2024; 154(4): 1376.     CrossRef
  • Perceived Familial Financial Insecurity and Obesity Among Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Fumie Kaneko, Eunji Kim, Hokyou Lee, Kokoro Shirai, Ryo Kawasaki, Hyeon Chang Kim
    Journal of Epidemiology.2024; 34(12): 587.     CrossRef
  • Intake of energy and macronutrients according to household income among elementary, middle, and high school students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
    Chae-Eun Jeong, Heejin Lee, Jung Eun Lee
    Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(3): 234.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of health behavior, mental health, and nutritional status among Korean adolescents before and after COVID-19 outbreak: based on the 2019–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Misun Lee, Sarang Jeong, Chong-Su Kim, Yoon Jung Yang
    Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(6): 667.     CrossRef
Smokeless tobacco consumption and its association with tobacco control factors in the Western Pacific Region: results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2015-2019
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Anusha Manoharan
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022103.   Published online November 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022103
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We estimated the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption and its associations with tobacco control factors among school-going youth in 18 Western Pacific Region (WPR) countries.
METHODS
We analyzed school-based Global Youth Tobacco Survey (2014-2019) microdata from 18 WPR countries and estimated weighted prevalence rates of ST consumption, cigarette smoking, and dual use. We used multilevel binary logistic regression to examine the associations of ST consumption and dual use with demographic variables, exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco factors, national income, and MPOWER indicators.
RESULTS
Data from 58,263 school-going youth were analyzed. The prevalence of past 30-day ST consumption was highest in Kiribati (42.1%), the Marshall Islands (26.1%), Micronesia (21.3%), Palau (16.0%), and Papua New Guinea (15.2%). In adjusted multilevel models, ST consumption and dual use were significantly associated with sex, age, parental smoking, pro-tobacco factors, national income, and MPOWER score. For each unit increase in score for cessation programs, we observed approximately 1.4-fold increases in the odds of youth ST consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.66) and dual use (aOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.86). Similarly, for each unit increase in score for health-related warnings, the odds of both ST consumption (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.53) and dual use (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.42) decreased by approximately 60%.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of youth ST consumption was substantial in the Pacific Islands, exceeding that of cigarette smoking in some countries. Implementing MPOWER measures for ST products could help reduce ST consumption.
Summary
Key Message
The prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption, and cigarette smoking is considerably high among the school going youth in five pacific island nations of Western Pacific Region. Exposure to pro-tobacco factors and parental smoking were positively associated with youth smokeless tobacco consumption as well as dual use (both smokeless tobacco and cigarettes smoking) Closer monitoring and strict tobacco control policies are needed to prevent further escalation of smokeless tobacco consumption.

Citations

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  • Single, Dual, and Poly Use of Tobacco Products, and Associated Factors Among Adults in 18 Global Adult Tobacco Survey Countries During 2015–2021
    Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Kiran Acharya, N. RamakrishnaReddy
    International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.2025; 23(5): 4118.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Smokeless Oral Nicotine Products on Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
    Cheryl R. Dennison Himmelfarb, Neal L. Benowitz, Melissa D. Blank, Aruni Bhatnagar, Paul J. Chase, Esa M. Davis, Jessica L. Fetterman, Brittney Keller-Hamilton, Oluwabunmi Ogungbe, Robert L. Page, Mary Rezk-Hanna, Rose Marie Robertson, Laurie P. Whitsel
    Circulation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Regional Variations in the Prevalence of Risk Factors and Non-Communicable Diseases in Papua New Guinea: A Scoping Review
    Bobby Porykali, Ryley Gronau, Phyllis Tran, Juliana Chen, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, Anna Rangan, Shelina Porykali, Robin Oge, Hans Nogua, Alyse Davies
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(1): 102.     CrossRef
Cohort Profile
The Asenze Cohort Study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: protocol and cohort profile
Chris Desmond, Gabriella A. Norwitz, Jane D. Kvalsvig, Rachel S. Gruver, Shuaib Kauchali, Kathryn G. Watt, Nonhlanhla P. Myeza, Adele Munsami, Leslie L. Davidson
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022037.   Published online April 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022037
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
The Asenze cohort is set in South Africa, a middle-income country impacted by one of the highest global rates of people living with HIV/AIDS and high levels of socioeconomic inequality. This longitudinal population-based cohort of children and their primary caregivers assesses household and caregiver functioning, child health, social well-being, and neuro-development from childhood through adolescence. Almost 1,600 children born at the peak of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic (2003-2005) were followed (with their primary caregivers) in 3 waves, between 2008 and 2021, at average ages of 5, 7, and 16. Wave 3 is currently underway, having assessed over 1,100 of the original wave 1 children. Wave 4 begins in 2022. The study, with a dyadic structure, uses a broad range of measures, validated in South Africa or recommended for global use, that address physical, social and neuro-development in childhood and adolescence, and the social, health, and psychological status of children’s primary caregivers. The Asenze study deepens our understanding of childhood physical, cognitive, and social abilities and/or disabilities, including risk-taking behaviors, and biological, environmental, and social determinants of health. We anticipate the findings will contribute to the development of community-informed interventions to promote well-being in this South African population and elsewhere.
Summary
Key Message
The Asenze Cohort Study, one of a limited number of population-based studies set in low- and middle-income countries, with a high level of retention, provides an understanding of neuro-developmental, psychosocial, home environmental and economic exposures and outcomes of over 1100 adolescents and their primary caregivers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

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  • Caregiver mental, behavioral, and social health during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa: results from the Asenze cohort study
    Lina Y. Demis, Chris Desmond, Rachel S. Gruver, Furzana Timol, Leslie L. Davidson, Jeremy C. Kane
    Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2026; 61(1): 181.     CrossRef
  • Determinants of school dropout in the Asenze cohort study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
    Gavin George, Furzana Timol, Chris Desmond, Jeremy Kane, Leslie L. Davidson
    Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.2026; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Early transition markers, opportunities, and limitations that define pathways into the labour market from adolescence to adulthood in South Africa
    Laura Rossouw, Kathryn Grace Watt, Furzana Timol, Leslie L. Davidson, Chris Desmond
    Development Policy Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adolescent Mental Health and School Belonging in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Subsequent Government Lockdowns
    Roisin E. Drysdale, Sanele Mvelase, Jeremy Kane, Rachel S. Gruver, Chris Desmond, Leslie L. Davidson
    Journal of Adolescent Health.2025; 76(4): 638.     CrossRef
  • Intimate Partner Violence and Determinants of HIV Seroconversion among Female Caregivers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: Insights from the Asenze Longitudinal Study
    Christopher M. Ferraris, Rachel S. Gruver, Gavin George, Leslie L. Davidson, Chris Desmond, Anthony F. Santoro, Sahba Besharati, Justin Knox
    AIDS and Behavior.2025; 29(8): 2349.     CrossRef
  • The social determinants of adolescent anxiety and depression in peri-urban South Africa
    Laura Rossouw, Kathryn Watt, Leslie L. Davidson, Chris Desmond, Karli Montague-Cardoso
    PLOS Mental Health.2024; 1(6): e0000173.     CrossRef
  • The impact of caregiver mental health on child prosocial behavior: A longitudinal analysis of children and caregivers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
    Gabriella A. Norwitz, Chris Desmond, Rachel S. Gruver, Jane D. Kvalsvig, Amaleah F. Mirti, Shuaib Kauchali, Leslie L. Davidson, Giulia Ballarotto
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(10): e0290788.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Impact of water fluoridation on dental caries decline across racial and income subgroups of Brazilian adolescents
Rafael Aiello Bomfim, Paulo Frazão
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022007.   Published online January 3, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022007
  • 20,562 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of community water fluoridation (CWF) on differences in dental caries decline across racial and socioeconomic subgroups of Brazilian adolescents.
METHODS
Two nationwide Brazilian population-based oral health surveys were used (Brazilian Oral Health Survey 2003 and 2010). In total, 7,198 adolescents from 15 years to 19 years old living in 50 cities investigated in both surveys were included. The mean numbers of untreated decayed teeth (DT) according to racial (Whites vs. Browns/Blacks) and socioeconomic subgroups (at or above the minimum wage per capita vs. under) were analysed. Difference-in-differences negative binomial regressions were adjusted by schooling, age, and sex. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth and DT prevalence, calculated as a categorical variable, were used in sensitivity analyses.
RESULTS
The adjusted difference of reduction in DT was similar across socioeconomic subgroups (β=-0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.45 to 0.35) and favoured, but not to a significant degree, Whites (β=-0.34; 95% CI, -0.74 to 0.04) compared to Brown/Blacks in fluoridated areas. In non-fluoridated areas, significant differences were observed in the mean number of DT, favouring the higher socioeconomic subgroup (β=-0.26; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.01) and Whites (β=-0.40; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.11) in relation to their counterparts. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the findings.
CONCLUSIONS
The similar reduction in DT across income subgroups suggests that CWF has had a beneficial effect on tackling income inequalities in dental caries within a 7-year timeframe.
Summary
Key Message
Community Water Fluoridation tackled income and racial inequalities in dental caries in adolescents aged 15-19 years between 2003 and 2010 in Brazil.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Water Fluoridation and Dental Caries Prevention Globally: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    C.F.D. Nascimento, L.A.D.S. Gindri, M.N. de Oliveira, L.R. Paranhos, F.N. Hugo
    JDR Clinical & Translational Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary behavior drive untreated dental caries among adolescents: A population-based study
    Leticia Pereira de Barros, Luiza De Carli Grieleitow, Rafael Aiello Bomfim
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries
    Zipporah Iheozor-Ejiofor, Tanya Walsh, Sharon R Lewis, Philip Riley, Dwayne Boyers, Janet E Clarkson, Helen V Worthington, Anne-Marie Glenny, Lucy O'Malley
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Age-specific effects of ozone on pneumonia in Korean children and adolescents: a nationwide time-series study
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Sanghyuk Bae, In Gyu Song, Soontae Kim, Yun-Chul Hong
Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022002.   Published online December 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022002
  • 22,679 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate the age-specific effects of 8-hour maximum ozone levels on pneumonia in children and adolescents.
METHODS
We performed quasi-Poisson regression analyses for individuals of 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years of age using nationwide time-series data from the Korea (2011-2015). We constructed distributed lag linear models employing a generalized difference-in-differences method and controlling for other air pollutants.
RESULTS
A 10.0-parts per billion increase in 8-hour maximum ozone levels was associated with a higher risk of hospital admissions due to pneumonia at 0-4 (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.03) and 5-9 years of age (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08), but not at 10-14 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04) or 15-19 years of age (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.06). The association between ozone and hospital admissions due to pneumonia was stronger in cool seasons (from November to April) than in warm seasons (from May to October), but was similar between boys and girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Short-term exposure to ozone was associated with a higher risk of pneumonia at 0-4 years and 5-9 years of age, but not at 10-14 years or 15-19 years of age. Our findings can help identify vulnerable periods, determine the target populations for public health interventions, and establish air pollution standards.
Summary
Korean summary
-어린이와 청소년에서 대기오염물질인 오존에 단기 노출되었을 때 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하는지를 건강보험공단 청구자료를 이용하여 구축한 시계열자료로 분석하였다. -0-4세, 5-9세 군에서는 오존 단기 노출 시 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하였으나 10-14세, 15-19세 군에서는 입원 위험 증가가 관찰되지 않았다.
Key Message
• The effects of ozone levels on hospital admissions for pneumonia were evaluated. • We used quasi-Poisson time-series models and a difference-in-differences method. • Ozone levels increased hospital admissions for pneumonia at ages 0–4 and 5–9 years. • Evidence for the effects of ozone levels on pneumonia was not found at older ages.

Citations

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  • Short-term effects of ambient ozone on pediatric pneumonia hospital admissions: a multi-city case-crossover study in China
    Huan Wang, Huan-Ling Zeng, Guo-Xing Li, Shuang Zhou, Jin-Lang Lyu, Qin Li, Guo-Shuang Feng, Hai-Jun Wang
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Social competence, leisure time activities, and smoking trajectories among adolescent boys: data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey
Eunjung Park, Min Kyung Lim, Jinju Park, Tran Thi Phuong Thao, Sukyung Jeong, Eun Young Park, Jin-Kyoung Oh
Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021066.   Published online September 9, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021066
  • 15,286 View
  • 149 Download
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to identify the trajectories and potential predictors of tobacco use during adolescence in Korea and to develop appropriate strategies for the implementation of tobacco use prevention programs.
METHODS
The trajectory of tobacco use and associated predictors were analyzed for 1,169 male students from grade 6 (age 11-12) to grade 10 (age 15-16) in the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey from 2012 to 2016.
RESULTS
Three trajectories of smoking experience were identified: non-smokers (class 1: n=775, 82.3%), temporary users (class 2: n=32, 3.4%), and regular users (class 3: n=135, 14.3%). When compared to non-smokers, temporary users had a higher likelihood of living with a single parent, dissatisfaction with grades, having a girlfriend, having been victimized at least once, and having at least 1 delinquent friend in grade 7 (when smoking experimentation was at its peak). Significant factors associated with regular use included having a girlfriend, committing at least 1 type of delinquent behavior, and being a non-reader. Committing at least 1 type of delinquent behavior and having at least 1 delinquent friend were associated with regular users, distinguishing them from temporary users.
CONCLUSIONS
Understanding why adolescents exhibit different trajectories of tobacco use by identifying the factors associated with each trajectory can contribute to the development of tailored prevention strategies and early cessation programs for adolescents.
Summary
Korean summary
2010-2016년 한국아동청소년패널에 포함된 남학생 흡연경험 분석을 통해 3개의 주요 흡연유형이 확인되었다 (비흡연자 82.3%, 일시 흡연자 3.4%, 지속 흡연자 14.3%). 한부모 가정, 학업성적에 대한 불만족, 이성친구를 사귀는 경우, 또래로부터 괴롭힘을 당한 경험, 1명 이상의 비행 친구가 있는 경우 일시 흡연자가 될 가능성이 높고, 비행 경험이 있는 경우, 이성 친구를 사귀는 경우, 독서를 하지 않는 경우 지속 흡연자가 될 가능성이 높았다. 청소년기 성장단계에 따른 흡연유형의 변화와 관련 요인에 대한 분석 결과는 청소년 대상 맞춤형 흡연예방 및 금연 프로그램 마련에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.
Key Message
In adolescence, significant life changes such as increasing academic workloads and various societal influences combined with growing recognition can affect their interest in trying smoking. The current study suggested that societal influence such as living with a single parent, dissatisfaction with grades, having been victimized at least once, and having at least 1 delinquent friend initiates smoking experimentation. Adolescents having a girlfriend, committing at least 1 type of delinquent behavior, and never reading have a greater possibility of smoking continuation for regular use. These findings might contribute to development of tailored prevention and early cessation programs for adolescents.
Risk factors for low back pain among elementary school students in western Iran using penalized logistic regression
Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai, Elham Gheysvandi, Leili Tapak, Iman Dianat, Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini, Rashid Heidarimoghadam
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020039.   Published online June 2, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020039
  • 24,288 View
  • 304 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and its risk factors among elementary-school students.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 693 elementary students from Hamadan city, western Iran, were selected by multistage stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires. Posture and psychosocial elements were assessed using the observational Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) checklist and the standard Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. Penalized logistic regression with the group smoothly-clipped absolute deviation regularization method was used for variable selection and data analysis (α=0.05). The chi-square test was also used.
RESULTS
In total, 26.6% of the students (7-12 years old) reported LBP in the last month. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 3.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80 to 5.26), watching TV for more than 3 hours a day (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.46 to 4.68), very short seat backrests (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.61 to 5.90), excessively curved seat backrests (OR, 4.36; 95% CI, 2.08 to 9.13), very short desks (OR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.61 to 7.35), a family history of LBP (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.58 to 3.91), carrying a school bag on one shoulder (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.54), and RULA scores of 3 (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.50) or 4 (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.37 to 5.91) were associated with LBP.
CONCLUSIONS
A high prevalence of LBP was found among elementary-school students. This study underscores the importance of recognizing vulnerable children and teenagers and developing interventional health promotion programs to prevent LBP based on an appropriate consideration of its contributory factors.
Summary

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    Aiman Zehra, Noor ul Ain, Ibtahaj-ul-Islam Ansari, Sajawal Hussain, Ramsha Shahab, Maha Saleem
    The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences.2026; 6(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Laura R C Montgomery, Michael Swain, Amabile B Dario, Mary O'Keeffe, Tie P Yamato, Jan Hartvigsen, Simon French, Christopher Williams, Steve Kamper
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    Maryam Afshari, Forouzan Rezapur‐Shahkolai, Lili Tapak, Elham Najafi
    Child: Care, Health and Development.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ewelina ŁEBEK, Józefa DĄBEK, Magdalena SZYNAL, Andrzej KNAPIK
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  • Identification of factors related to behaviors associated with musculoskeletal pain among elementary students
    Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai, Elham Gheysvandi, Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini, Leili Tapak, Rashid Heidarimoghadam, Iman Dianat
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dijana Laštro, Mirsad Muftić, Nenad Ponorac, Dubravko Bokonjić
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    Riska Ayu Yulianingtyas, Dani Nasirul Haqi
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    Massimiliano Polastri, Julie Swann
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    Motriz: Revista de Educação Física.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
Relationship between the experience of online game genre and high risk of Internet gaming disorder in Korean adolescents
Hyunho Han, Hyunsuk Jeong, Sun-Jin Jo, Hye Jung Son, Hyeon Woo Yim
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020016.   Published online April 7, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020016
  • 65,535 View
  • 348 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study examined the association between high risk of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and online game genres used by adolescents.
METHODS
The data derived from the baseline data of the Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence. A total 1,532 middle school students who use online games included. The participants reported the names of the online games they used during the past year. Game genres were categorized into role playing games (RPGs), shooting, multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA), simulation, arcade, sports and action games. The risk of IGD was measured using the Internet Gaming Use-Elicited symptom Screen. The relationship between the experience of online game genre and high risk of IGD was analyzed using multiple logistic regression model.
RESULTS
The game time of a student was longer if he or she had an experience of RPGs, shooting games, MOBA games, simulation games, and action games. The direct and independent association between high risk of IGD in adolescents and the genres of RPGs, simulation games and MOBA were found to be odds ratios 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 2.26); 1.59 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.45); and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.03 to 2.21), respectively after adjusted the potential confounding variables and the use of other online game genres.
CONCLUSIONS
The present cross-sectional study has found an association between online game genres and the risk of IGD in adolescents attending a school. A cohort study should verify the causal association in future.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구에서는 전향적 코호트 연구인 iCURE의 기저시점에 등록된 2,319명 중, 연구목적상 필요한 중학생 1,532명의 자료를 활용하여 온라인 게임장르 이용경험과 인터넷게임장애 위험의 연관성을 살펴보았다. 이는 추후, 온라인 게임장애의 위험요인을 규명하는 연구에 기초자료를 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 이에, 롤플레잉게임, 시뮬레이션게임, MOBA의 이용경험이 있는 자는 인터넷게임장애 고위험자가 될 가능성이 각각 1.52배, 1.59배, 1.51배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 추후, 청소년들이 이용하는 온라인 게임장르와 인터넷게임장애의 관련성을 알아보기 위한 관찰연구에서, 위험요인이 되는 장르로 롤플레잉게임과 시뮬레이션게임, MOBA 장르에 주목할 필요성이 있다. 또한, 대상자들의 연령수준과 해당 시점에 유행적인 요소의 파악이 필요할 것이다.

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    Xuhao Wang, Shuhong Lin, Xuebing Liu, Shucai Huang, Jing Qi, Tianli Shao, Zhenjiang Liao, Xinxin Chen, Yifan Li, Ying Tang, Hongxian Shen, Qiuping Huang
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Prevalence of sexual experience among Korean adolescent: age-period-cohort analysis
Yongho Jee, Gyuyoung Lee
Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020008.   Published online March 3, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020008
  • 36,733 View
  • 244 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Since exposure to sexual content and early sexual initiation among adolescents have become serious social issues in Korea, an in-depth analysis of trends in the prevalence of sexual experience among Korean adolescents is necessary to project the trends and policies required for the next 10 years. The objective of this study was to identify the contributions of age, period, and birth cohort effects on the prevalence of sexual experience in Korean adolescents.
METHODS
We analyzed age-specific, period-specific, and birth cohort–specific trends in the prevalence of sexual experience among 911,502 adolescents (469,593 boys, 51.5%; 441,909 girls, 48.5%) aged 12 years to 17 years from the 2006 to 2017 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to examine significant changes in the prevalence of sexual experience and to find the optimal number and location of places where trends changed.
RESULTS
The prevalence of sexual experience generally increased with age in all periods in both boys and girls. In boys, the prevalence of sexual experience increased in recent periods, especially in the age group of 12-13 years, while the prevalence of sexual experience decreased in the age group of 16-17 years. In girls, the age group of 12-13 years showed an increased prevalence of sexual experience in recent periods. However, the prevalence showed a decreasing trend in the age group of 16-17 years.
CONCLUSIONS
In boys and girls, sexual experience increased with age, although this tendency has slowed in recent cohorts. Therefore, early sex education is needed.
Summary
Korean summary
성경험 유병률은 일반적으로 남녀 공히 모든 시기에서 연령대에 따라 증가했다. 공통적으로 최근 연도에서 12-13세 연령군의 성 경험 유병률이 증가한 반면 16-17세 연령군에서 성경험 유병률이 감소했다. 전반적으로 2006 년부터 2017 년까지 청소년들의 성경험률은 소폭 감소했지만, 조기 성경험의 빈도는 증가하고 있다. 따라서 피임이나 순결 교육뿐만 아니라 성적자기결정능력같은 보다 실질적인 성교육이 어릴 때부터 강화되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

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    Jhosuny Perez-Fernandez, Diego O. Arroyo-Velasco, Mariella R. Huaman, Sarai G. Chavez-Bustamante, Anita P. Llamo-Vilcherrez, Carolina J. Delgado-Flores, Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo
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  • Sexual-Related Knowledge, School and Family Sexuality Education and Its Association with Experience of Sexual Intercourse among Vocational Secondary School Students in China
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Review
The global prevalence of dental healthcare needs and unmet dental needs among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mahin Ghafari, Samira Bahadivand-Chegini, Tayebeh Nadi, Amin Doosti-Irani
Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019046.   Published online October 27, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019046
  • 29,301 View
  • 268 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Access to dental healthcare services is a major determinant of dental health in communities. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the global prevalence of dental needs and of unmet dental needs in adolescents.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in June 2018. The summary measures included the prevalence of met and unmet dental needs. A meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance method to obtain pooled summary measures. Out of 41,661 retrieved articles, 57 were ultimately included.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs was 46.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.0 to 53.0), that of general treatment needs was 59.0% (95% CI, 42.0 to 75.0), that of periodontal treatment needs was 71.0% (95% CI, 46.0 to 96.0), and that of malocclusion treatment needs was 39.0% (95% CI, 28.0 to 50.0). The pooled prevalence of unmet dental needs was 34.0% (95% CI, 27.0 to 40.0).
CONCLUSIONS
The highest and lowest prevalence of unmet dental needs were found in Southeast Asia and Europe, respectively. The prevalence of dental needs was higher in the countries of the Americas and Europe than in other World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The prevalence of unmet dental needs was higher in Southeast Asia and Africa than in other WHO regions.
Summary

Citations

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    Maria Viisanen, Eero Raittio, Tiina Ikävalko, Timo Peltomäki, Anna Liisa Suominen, Ville Tolonen, Sonja Soininen, Henri Karvinen, Timo A. Lakka
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    Ramalingam Shanmugam, Karan P. Singh
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    D. Bahdila, H. Alhazmi, A.S. Alfarsi, L.Y. Alzahrani, A.I. Koumu, R.H. Alshaikh, S.O. Khalifa, Z.S. Natto
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  • Parental Perceptions of Dental Care Utilisation and Their Association With Treatment Completion, Follow‐Up and Children's Quality of Life: A Cross‐Sectional Study
    Dania Bahdila
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    Sonja M. Kalf‐Scholte, Renate van Zoonen, Dina Sijperda‐Abdul, Henk Algra, Cees Valkenburg
    Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unmet Needs for Dental Care Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study
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    Healthcare.2024; 12(22): 2286.     CrossRef
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    Sima Hermes, Sham Alatwan, Anders Johansson, Anna Bogren
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    Ana Carla Souza COSTA, Djessyca Miranda e PAULO, Maria Tereza Campos VIDIGAL, Walbert de Andrade VIEIRA, Andres Felipe Millan CARDENAS, Luiz Renato PARANHOS
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Original Articles
Relationship between binge drinking experience and suicide attempts in Korean adolescents: based on the 2013 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey
Kyeong Hyang Byeon, Sun Ha Jee, Jae Woong Sull, Bo Young Choi, Heejin Kimm
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018046.   Published online September 26, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018046
  • 23,985 View
  • 195 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Suicide and drinking problems in adolescents are increasing every year, and it is known that suicide is related to drinking. This study aims to identify the relationship between binge drinking experience (BDE) and suicide attempts in Korean adolescents.
METHODS
The Ninth Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), conducted in 2013, was used for analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the relationship between BDE and suicide attempts, and the relationship between BDE and suicide attempts in middle and high school students was stratified by age.
RESULTS
BDE and suicide attempts were highly related. The odds ratio (OR) of attempted suicide in BDE was 1.63 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28 to 2.09) higher then non-drinking in males. And the OR of attempted suicide in females was 1.21 times (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.37) higher then non-drinking in non-BDE, 1.79 times (95% CI, 1.47 to 2.19) higher in BDE. BDE was associated with suicide attempts in males aged 12 or 13 years (OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 1.57 to 10.03) and in females aged 15 years (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.79 to 3.96).
CONCLUSIONS
BDE is an important factor related to suicide attempts in adolescents. In order to reduce suicide attempts, it is necessary to educate the youth about the regulation of BDE and drinking prevention.
Summary

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    Naiyue Bao, Jiacan Wu, Zhuo Li, Fenglin Qi, Guanghong Tao, Chengcheng Li, Hua Xiao
    Tobacco Induced Diseases.2026; 24(February): 1.     CrossRef
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    Pablo Juan-Salvadores, Luis Mariano de la Torre Fonseca, Antía Lafuente Pérez, Cesar Veiga, José A. González-Nóvoa, Andrés Iñiguez Romo, Francisco Caamaño Isorna, Víctor Alfonso Jiménez Díaz
    International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.2025; 23(4): 2849.     CrossRef
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    Serim Lee, Jinyung Kim
    Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and associated factors of binge drinking among high school students in Acapulco, Mexico: a cross-sectional study
    Abel Emigdio-Vargas, Arcadio Morales-Pérez, Elizabeth Nava-Aguilera, Alfonso Dávalos-Martínez, Nubia Blanco-García, Elia Barrera-Rodriguez, Liliana Morales-Nava, Neil Andersson
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  • Binge drinking and suicidal ideation in Peruvian adolescents: Evidence from a pooled cross-sectional survey
    Akram Hernández-Vásquez, Rodrigo Vargas-Fernández, Guido Bendezu-Quispe
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    Thaise Queiroz de Melo, Delmilena Maria Ferreira de Aquino, Alisse Maria Chaves de Lima Peixoto, Jonathan Lopes de Lisboa, Raquel Conceição Ferreira, Patricia Maria Pereira de Araújo Zarzar, Viviane Colares, Fabiana de Godoy Bene Bezerra Laureano, Carolin
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    Aniceto Echalico Braza, Jinsoo Jason Kim, Sun Hee Kim
    Journal of Lifestyle Medicine.2022; 12(3): 153.     CrossRef
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    Alessandra Costanza, Stéphane Rothen, Sophia Achab, Gabriel Thorens, Marc Baertschi, Kerstin Weber, Alessandra Canuto, Hélène Richard-Lepouriel, Nader Perroud, Daniele Zullino
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    Soojeong Kim, Jin A Han, Eun-Ji Kim, Soon Young Lee
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    Ji Won Lee, Bong-Jo Kim, Cheol-Soon Lee, Boseok Cha, So-Jin Lee, Dongyun Lee, Jiyeong Seo, Young-Ji Lee, Youn-Jung Lee, Eunji Lim, Jae-Won Choi
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    Ji-Su Kim, Yeji Seo
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    Soo Jung Rim, Min Geu Lee, Subin Park
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    Patrick Allen Rose, Hugh Erik Schuckman, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Eun-Cheol Park
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Is inadequate play area in schools associated with overweight among students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia? A comparative cross-sectional study
Tsedey Moges, Bereket Gebremichael, Solomon Shiferaw, Robel Yirgu
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018017.   Published online May 12, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018017
  • 24,152 View
  • 261 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The prevalence of childhood obesity has more than doubled since it was formally recognized as a global epidemic in 1997. With the increasingly dwindling space for private schools in Ethiopia, unresolved concerns exist among the public regarding the possible effect of limited play areas in schools on overweight/obesity. This study intended to determine and compare the levels of overweight/obesity among adolescents in private schools with and without adequate play area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,276 adolescents. Twenty private schools were grouped into 2 groups based on the size of the play area. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire and anthropometric measurements and analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and logistic regression.
RESULTS
The magnitude of overweight/obesity was significantly higher in schools with inadequate play area (19.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.4 to 22.7) than in schools with adequate play area (14.6%; 95% CI, 11.9 to17.5). Inadequacy of the play area was also positively associated with overweight/obesity in the multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.51). Using private car transportation to and from school (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.57), father’s educational status (secondary school and above: OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.62), and middle wealth quintile (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.50 to 4.33) were other factors significantly associated with overweight/obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
Inadequate play area in schools was an important contributor to overweight/obesity. Sedentary behavior was also significantly associated with overweight/obesity.
Summary

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    Addis Eyeberu, Yadeta Dessie, Nega Assefa
    International Health.2025; 17(2): 133.     CrossRef
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    Sibhatu Biadgilign, Tennyson Mgutshini, Bereket Gebremichael, Demewoz Haile, Lioul Berhanu, Stanley Chitekwe, Peter Memiah
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    Mulugebeya Worku, Zemichael Gizaw, Aysheshim Kassahun Belew, Alemakef Wagnew, Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw, Chris I. Ardern
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Relationship between happiness and tobacco smoking among high school students
Maryam Ataeiasl, Parvin Sarbakhsh, Hossein Dadashzadeh, Christoph Augner, Masoumeh Anbarlouei, Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018009.   Published online March 24, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018009
  • 24,981 View
  • 315 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
  • 18 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Recent research has described negative relationship between happiness and habitual smoking among adolescents. No study of this relationship has been conducted among Iranian adolescents. The aim of the present study was to characterize the relationship between happiness and cigarette or hookah smoking among a sample of high school students.
METHODS
A sample of 1,161 10th-grade students in Tabriz (northwest Iran) was selected by multi-stage proportional cluster sampling. Participants completed a self-administered multiple-choice questionnaire including information on cigarette smoking, hookah smoking, happiness score, substance abuse, self-injury, general risk-taking behavior, attitudes towards smoking, socioeconomic information, and demographic characteristics. An ordinal logistic regression model was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
It was found that 5.9 and 5.0% of students were regular cigarette smokers and regular hookah smokers, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, higher happiness scores were found to protect students against more advanced stages of cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 0.99; p=0.013). However, no significant relationship was found between happiness scores and hookah smoking status (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.02; p=0.523).
CONCLUSIONS
Happiness scores were associated with less advanced stages of habitual cigarette smoking among high school students. Our findings underscore the necessity of conducting longitudinal or interventional studies aiming to determine the effects of enhancing happiness on preventing the transition through the stages of cigarette and hookah smoking.
Summary

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Data Profile
The current status of health data on Korean children and adolescents
Eunyoung Lee, Dahye Baik, Yoon Park, Moran Ki
Epidemiol Health. 2017;39:e2017059.   Published online December 26, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2017059
  • 26,504 View
  • 281 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are critical periods that affect adults’ health status. Therefore, the factors influencing the health of children and adolescents should be analyzed. In Korea, a wide range of youth-related health data has been obtained, both on the regional level and on the national level. This report summarizes the current status of studies related to the health of Korean children and adolescents. Data for which open access is offered include the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Study, the Panel Study on Korean Children, the Korean Youth Panel Survey, the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, and the Student Health Examination. In addition, the Health Examination of Korean Youth Outside of School, the Korean Children and Adolescents Obesity Cohort Study, the Korean Children’s Environmental Health Study, the Korea Youth Media Use and Harmful Environment Survey, the Comprehensive Survey of Korean Youth, and the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study are summarized.
Summary
Korean summary
청소년시기는 성인의 건강상태에 영향을 미치는 중요한 시기이다. 따라서 청소년의 건강에 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 요소들에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 한국에서 청소년건강과 관련한 데이터는 지역 단위에서뿐 아니라 국가 단위에서도 수집되고 있다. 해당 데이터가 공개되고 있는 것으로는 청소년건강행태온라인조사, 한국아동패널, 한국청소년패널조사, 한국아동ㆍ청소년패널조사, 학교건강검사가 있다. 이외에도 학교 밖 청소년 건강검진조사, 소아비만 및 대사질환 코호트, 어린이 환경 보건 출생코호트, 청소년 매체이용 및 유해환경 실태조사, 청소년 종합실태조사, 다문화청소년패널조사를 요약하였다.

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    Yunjeong Kim, Joohee Shim
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Minji Kang, So Yoon Choi, Minyoung Jung
    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2021; 64(9): 443.     CrossRef
  • Benefits of cooperation among large-scale cohort studies and human biomonitoring projects in environmental health research: An exercise in blood lead analysis of the Environment and Child Health International Birth Cohort Group
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Original Articles
Prevalence of factors related to active reproductive health behavior: a cross-sectional study Indonesian adolescent
Tantut Susanto, Iis Rahmawati, Emi Wuri Wuryaningsih, Ruka Saito, Syahrul, Rumiko Kimura, Akiko Tsuda, Noriko Tabuchi, Junko Sugama
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016041.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016041
  • 35,617 View
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  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Complex and diverse factors are related to reproductive health (RH) behavior among adolescents according to the social and cultural context of each countries. This study examined the prevalence of active RH and factors related to active RH behavior among Indonesian adolescents.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,040 of students who were selected through a multi-stage random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was developed, including the World Health Organization Illustrative Questionnaire for Interview-Surveys with Young People, pubertal development scale, and sexual activity scale, modified in accordance to the Indonesian context. The data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics, as well as logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The prevalence of active RH behavior were more higher in boys (56.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 50.6% to 62.6%) than in girls (43.7%; 95% CI, 37.6% to 49.8%). Negative attitudes towards RH were a factor related to active RH behavior in both boys and girls. Smoking and kind relationship envisioned before marriage (pacaran [courtship] and nikah siri [non-registered marriage]) were factors related to active RH behavior in boys; whereas the absence of access to information on substance abuse was an additional factor in girls. Moreover, an interaction was found between access to information on development and smoking (boys) and attitudes on RH (girls) as independent variables associated with active RH behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
Sex education for adolescents in Indonesia, particularly in the context of a health promotion program, should be developed based on prevalent social, cultural, and religious values to prevent active RH behavior. Such programs should focus on the kind of relationship envisioned before marriage and smoking for boys and access to information on subtance abuse for girls.
Summary

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    Tantut Susanto
    Journal of Research in Nursing.2025; 30(5-6): 565.     CrossRef
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    Levina Adiputri, Leslie Morrison Gutman
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    Saras Serani Sesari, Sylvia Detri Elvira, Tyas Priyatini, Harrina Erlianti Rahardjo
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    Tetti Solehati, Iqbal Pramukti, Agus Rahmat, Cecep Eli Kosasih
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Happiness and health behaviors in South Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Su Yeon Kye, Jeong Hyun Kwon, Keeho Park
Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016022.   Published online May 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016022
  • 29,636 View
  • 294 Download
  • 26 Web of Science
  • 23 Crossref
AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We examined the associations between happiness and a wide range of health behaviors in South Korean adolescents.
METHODS
Study data were derived from the ninth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey administered from June to July 2013. In addition to happiness levels, the questionnaire included items on sociodemographics and health-related lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, eating breakfast, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and hours of sleep).
RESULTS
The multivariate analysis revealed that higher levels of happiness were associated with not smoking or drinking, eating breakfast, eating fruits daily, vegetable consumption, participating in at least 60 minutes of physical activity a day, avoiding sedentary behavior, and hours of sleep. Additionally, sex differences were found in relationships between happiness and eating fruit daily, participation in physical activity, and sedentary behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
These results encourage public health professionals to consider the psychological aspects of adolescent life in working to improve their health behaviors and outcomes.
Summary
Korean summary
본 연구는 청소년건강행태온라인조사결과를 활용하여 청소년들의 주관적 행복수준이 여러가지 건강행동과 관련이 있는지를 살펴보았다. 자신이 행복하다고 느끼는 청소년들은 흡연, 음주, 좌식생활을, 그렇지 않다고 느끼는 청소년들보다 더 적게 하고 있었고, 이와 반대로 아침식사, 채소과일섭취, 신체활동, 충분한 수면은 더 많이 하고 있었다. 성별로 보았을 때는, 주관적 행복인지수준과 과일섭취, 신체활동, 좌식생활에 각각 남녀 차이가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 청소년들의 건강행동 증진을 위해서는 이들의 행복인지능력을 강화하는 노력을 할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

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Burden of transportation injuries among children and adolescents of Fars province: analysis of Iran’s 20-year trends
Seyed Taghi Heydari, Yaser Sarikhani, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, Mohammad Khabaz Shirazi
Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014032.   Published online November 24, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014032
  • 25,857 View
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  • 4 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Transportation injuries are among the top ten causes of burden of disease in all age groups worldwide. The burden of transportation injuries among children and adolescents in Iran is higher than the world average and that of other developing countries. The aims of this study were to investigate the burden of transportation injuries in children and adolescents in the province of Fars in Iran from 2009 to 2013, and to report the burden of these kinds of injuries in children and adolescents in Iran from 1990 to 2010.
METHODS
The number of deaths due to transportation injuries and the location of fatal injuries in the province of Fars in Iran from 2009 to 2013 were analyzed using data from the Fars Forensic Medicine Organization. The 20-year trend in the burden of transportation injuries in Iran was analyzed using data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
RESULTS
Similarly to the long-term trend in Iran, the burden of transportation injuries among the male population of Fars province was generally higher than in females. Most fatal accident injuries occurred on roads (males: n=4151, 61.51%; females: n=1182, 65.95%) and in urban areas (males: n=1994, 29.54%; females: n=473, 26.40%).
CONCLUSIONS
Considering that children and adolescents are high risk groups for transportation injuries, adopting an effective comprehensive multi-sectoral approach, including enacting and enforcing appropriate laws and regulations, developing general knowledge, and facilitating the availability of Personal protective equipment, could be helpful for reducing the burden of these injuries.
Summary

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Health Statistics
Trends in cigarette smoking among adolescents and adults in South Korea
Sunhye Choi, Yoonjung Kim, Suyeon Park, Jihye Lee, Kyungwon Oh
Epidemiol Health. 2014;36:e2014023.   Published online October 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2014023
  • 57,556 View
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AbstractAbstract AbstractSummary PDFSupplementary Material
Abstract
This report is to examine changes in the smoking prevalence among adults and adolescents and provide basic data for national health policies. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1998 to 2013 and Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2005 to 2013 were used to estimate national adults and adolescents smoking prevalence. In 2013, current cigarette smoking prevalence among male adults and female adults was 42.1% and 6.2%, decreasing by 1.6% points and 1.7% points, respectively compared to 2012. Among adolescents, current cigarette smoking prevalence was 14.4% for male and 4.6% for female students, decreasing by 1.9%points and 1.3%points, respectively compared to 2012. The highest current cigarette smoking prevalence was observed among adults of lower household income or lower education level and among middle and high school students of lower perceived household economic status or lower perceived academic records. Current cigarette smoking prevalence among male adults has decreased since 2011, whereas among female adults, there were no statistically significant annual changes. Among middle and high school students, the prevalence for male students decreased since 2011 and for female students decreased since 2006. But the smoking prevalence did not meet the Health Plan 2020 target.
Summary
Korean summary
국민건강영양조사(1998~2013)와 청소년건강행태온라인조사(2005~2013) 원시자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 2013년 현재흡연율은 성인의 경우 남자 42.1%, 여자 6.2%, 중고등학생은 남자 14.4%, 여자 4.6%이었다. 사회경제적요인별로는 성인의 경우 소득수준이 낮을수록, 교육수준이 낮을수록 현재흡연율이 높았고, 중고등학생은 주관적 가정의 경제적 상태가 낮을수록, 주관적 학업성적이 낮을수록 흡연율이 높았다.

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Original Articles
Prevalence Rates and Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 Data.
Shinkwan Kang, Soonduck Kim, Jesuk Lee
Korean J Epidemiol. 2008;30(2):188-197.   Published online December 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/kje.2008.30.2.188
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
PURPOSE
To investigate the prevalence rates of overweight and obesty, and their associations in children and adolescents(12-18years) who were defined as normal weight, overweight , and obese.
METHODS
Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 raw data was utilized. The data on the 669 subjects aged 12-18 consisted of variables from the health interview survey, health examination and nutrition survey, and health consciousness behavior survey. Overweight and obesity was evaluated by established body mass index criteria. Chi-squire and Fisher exact test were performed to analyze differences among normal, overweight and obese groups according to basic characteristics and health consciousness behavior. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for the overweight and obese groups.
RESULTS
Overweight and obesity prevalence rates were 11.7% and 8.1%, respectively. Of the subjects from urban regions, 20% were overweight and 12.2% were obese. Of those from semi-urban regions, 10.2% were overweight and 3.8% were obese. Of those from rural regions, 9.0% were overweight and 10.1% were obese. The obesity rate in semi-urban regions were 0.38% times lower than the rural rate.
CONCLUSIONS
Geographical location constitutes a risk factor for overweight and obesity, which may influence preventative and education programs aimed at schools and the general community.
Summary

Citations

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Trend of the Anthropometric Indices Among Adolescents in a Urban and a Rural Area Over the Period 1996~2005.
SoHyun Park, Minjung Ko, Shin Ah Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Soo Hun Cho, Bo Youl Choi
Korean J Epidemiol. 2006;28(2):189-198.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
This study investigated the secular trend of anthropometric parameters of 2,153 high school students in one urban and one rural area in Korea. The cross-sectional data was collected in 1996 and 2005 in Seoul and Gyung-gi province. As a result, the height of boys has increased by 2cm, whereas the weight has increased by 6.3kg from 1996 to 2005. By contrast, those parameters, including height or weight, did not change in girls. The prevalence of obesity has been more than doubled from 9.3% in 1996 to 20.5% in 2005 in boys; while that of girls was almost same for the same period (1998, 11.1%; 2005, 11.4%). In particular, the greater increase of obesity among boys was found in urban, which implicates the importance of environmental factor in determining weight gains among adolescents. This result emphasizes that the tailored intervention is strongly warranted, in particular among boys residing in urban area.
Summary
The Study on Active and Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Biological Samples among High School Students in Korea .
Sun Ha Jee, Su jung Kim, So young Won, Ho Sang Shin, Chang Su Kim, Hee Ja Kim
Korean J Epidemiol. 2002;24(1):83-92.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to determine the active and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in biological samples (plasma, saliva and urine) among high school students in Korea.
METHODS
Study samples were from 99 nonsmoker or smoking volunteers from high school in Kyungki-do in 2000. ETS was defined as the having smokers of their family members or their friends. Urinary samples were extracted with ethyl ether at pH 10.5, and the extract was injected in GC-NPD. Plasma or saliva was extracted with methylene chloride at pH 10.5 and the quantification was performed with GC-MS (SIM). Peak shapes and quantitation of nicotine and cotinine were excellent, with linear calibration curves over a wide range of 1 to 3000 ng/mL.
RESULTS
The results are as followings1. The prevalence of smoking among study subjects were 18.2% among males and 6.1% among females. A 69.7% of total subjects among both males and females were exposed at ETS. 2. The primary metabolite cotinine of nicotine was good indicator of ETS exposure in nonsmokers. Salivary cotinine was found to be highly correlated to the concentration of cotinine in plasma (r=0.9480). 3. Urine cotinine was increased among those with smokers in their family members, while salivary or blood cotinine was increased among with smoking friends. 4. Blood cotinine was highly correlated with salivary cotinine, but it was relatively poorly correlated with urine cotinine.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the results show how the students in high school in Korea suffer from secondhand smoke. It appeared that salivary cotinine was easy to collect and best way to predict the ETS among adolescents
Summary
The Changing Pattern of Cigarette Smoking of Students in Junior and Senior High Schools in Korea: 1988-1997.
Il Suh, Sun Ha Jee, Soh Yoon Kim, Dong Choun Shin, Soh Yeon Ryu, Il Soon Kim
Korean J Epidemiol. 1998;20(2):257-266.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Abstract
In order to examine the actual condition of smoking, the change of knowledge and the attitude on smoking of the students attending junior and senior high schools in Korea, the survey was performed six times ranging from 1988 to 1997. The first two years, the survey was performed only for male students. Since 1991, both male and female students were surveyed. The students in junior and senior high school were selected by a random sampling method and surveyed by mail. In this survey, the number of classes of Junior and senior high schools in Korea was a sampling unit, and the classes were selected in proportion to the number of classes of each city and each county. The total number of respondents was 3,437 in 1988, 3,055 in 1989, 6,087 in 1991(2,923 of male, 3,164 of female), 7,067 in 1993(3,162 of male, 3,905 of female), 5,412 in 1995(2,598 of male, 2,814 of female), 4,754 in 1997(2,281 of male, 2,473 of female). The results obtained from the data analysis are as follows; 1.The ratio of smokers among male junior high school students has increased from 1.8% in 1988 to 3.9% in 1997. The ratio of smokers among female junior high school students has increased from 1.2% in 1991 to 3.9% in 1997. The ratio of smokers among male senior high school students has increased from 23.9% in 1988 to 35.3% in 1997. The ratio of smokers among male senior high school students has increased from 23.9% in 1988 to 35.3% 1997. And the ratio of smokers among female senior high school students has increased from 3.0% in 1991 to 8.7% in 1997. Especially the ratio of smokers among female junior high school students is same as that of male in 1997. 2. With respect to areas, the number of current smokers and the experienced ones was higher in the county than in the city in 1988. But in 1997, the number of current smokers and the experienced one is higher in the city than in the county. 3. In respect of whether or not there is a smoker among the member of a family, the odds ratio of smoking among the male senior high school students was 1.70 in 1988 and 1.94 in 1997. the odds ratio of smoking among female senior high school students was 1.43 in 1991 and 1.98 in 1997. This result showed that the effect of family smoking on adolescent smoking has not decreased.
Summary
Epidemiol Health : Epidemiology and Health
© Korean Society of Epidemiology.
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