Epidemiology and Health

Original Articles

Associations between digital media use and lack of physical exercise among middle-school adolescents in Korea: Gyeongmin Kim, Hyunsuk Jeong, Hyeon Woo Yim; Epidemiol Health. 2023;45:e2023012. Published online January 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2023012

567 View
80 Download

Abstract PDF: Abstract
foOBJECTIVES: The reported effects of digital media overuse on physical activity among adolescents are inconsistent. This study examined the association between hours of digital media use and lack of moderate-intensity physical exercise (mPE) according to the type of digital media.
METHODS
This study included 1,837 middle school students from the iCURE (Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence) study conducted in Korea. Hours spent using digital media were measured by self-reported daily usage time for Internet games, messengers, social media, and watching game streaming on weekdays. Lack of mPE was defined as performing a minimum of 30 minutes at a time less than twice weekly. Multivariable logistic regression analysis stratified by sex was performed.
RESULTS
Among male students, the group with the highest hours of using either Internet games or watching game streaming was more likely to lack mPE than each non-user group. In contrast, among male students, the group using either messengers or social media had a higher rate of mPE compared to each non-user group. Female students showed no association between hours spent using Internet games, messengers, social media, or watching game streaming and a lack of mPE.
CONCLUSIONS
Among male middle school students in Korea, the excessive use of Internet games or watching game streaming was associated with a lack of mPE. Thus, guidelines should be established regarding adolescent use of internet games and watching game streaming.; Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Effect modification of consecutive high concentration days on the association between fine particulate matter and mortality: a multi-city study in Korea: Hyungryul Lim, Sanghyuk Bae, Jonghyuk Choi, Kyung-Hwa Choi, Hyun-Joo Bae, Soontae Kim, Mina Ha, Ho-Jang Kwon; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022052. Published online June 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022052

3,600 View
272 Download

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Although there is substantial evidence for the short-term effect of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) on daily mortality, few epidemiological studies have explored the effect of prolonged continuous exposure to high concentrations of PM_2.5. This study investigated how the magnitude of the mortality effect of PM_2.5 exposure is modified by persistent exposure to high PM_2.5 concentrations.
METHODS
We analyzed data on the daily mortality count, simulated daily PM_2.5 level, mean daily temperature, and relative humidity level from 7 metropolitan cities from 2006 to 2019. Generalized additive models (GAMs) with quasi-Poisson distribution and random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool city-specific effects. To investigate the effect modification of continuous exposure to prolonged high concentrations, we applied categorical consecutive-day variables to the GAMs as effect modification terms for PM_2.5.
RESULTS
The mortality risk increased by 0.33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16 to 0.50), 0.47% (95% CI, -0.09 to 1.04), and 0.26% (95% CI, -0.08 to 0.60) for all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, respectively, with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM_2.5 concentration. The risk of all-cause mortality per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM_2.5 on the first and fourth consecutive days significantly increased by 0.63% (95% CI, 0.20 to 1.06) and 0.36% (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.70), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
We found increased risks of all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality related to daily PM_2.5 exposure on the day when exposure to high PM_2.5 concentrations began and when exposure persisted for more than 4 days with concentrations of ≥35 μg/m3. Persistently high PM_2.5 exposure had a stronger effect on seniors.; Summary

Korean summary
한국의 7개 대도시를 배경으로 수행한 본 시계열 연구를 통하여 2006년부터 2019년까지의 기간 동안에 초미세먼지의 단기 노출이 일별 사망률을 증가시키며, 교호작용모형을 통해 일평균 35 μg/m3 이상의 고농도 지속기간이 처음 시작되는 날과 넷째 지속일에 이러한 사망효과가 커짐을 보고하였다. 이러한 고농도 지속기간의 교호작용은 65세 이상 연령군에서 더욱 두드러졌다.

Key Message
With our Korean multi-city study design from 2006 to 2019, the short-term effects of PM2.5 on mortality were greater when the high PM2.5 concentration duration began during the day and lasted for approximately 4 days, and the elderly may be more affected by persistently high PM2.5.

The medium-term consequences of a COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle among Spanish older people with hypertension, pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease, depression, and cancer: Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, Coral Sánchez-Martín, Francisco J. García-García, Esther García-Esquinas, Marta Miret, Germán Vicente-Rodriguez, Narcís Gusi, Asier Mañas, José A. Carnicero, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, José L. Ayuso-Mateos, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, Ignacio Ara; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022026. Published online February 21, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022026

5,327 View
330 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the associations of chronic diseases with changes in lifestyle and health behaviours in older people following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown in Spain and compared the differences in changes over time.
METHODS
1,092 participants (80.3±5.6 years; 66.5% female) from 2 Spanish cohorts were included. Telephone-based questionnaires were conducted to evaluate lifestyle and health risk behaviours at the end of lockdown and 7 months post-lockdown. Participants were classified as having physician-diagnosed chronic diseases based on self-reported data. Cox proportional models adjusted for major confounders were used.
RESULTS
Compared to those without the corresponding chronic diseases, older people with hypertension were less likely to report increased alcohol consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55 to 0.99). Pulmonary diseases were associated with lower risks of increased sedentary time (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.86) and worsened sleep quality (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.87), while cardiovascular diseases were associated with a lower risk of decreased sedentary time (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.88). Depression was linked to a higher likelihood of improved diet quality (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.36). Cancer pacients were less likely to have worsened sleep quality (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.89) but more likely to have reduced their frequency of social contact (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.99).
CONCLUSIONS
Older people with chronic diseases showed beneficial changes in lifestyle and health risk behaviours after the COVID-19 lockdown. In particular, older people with hypertension, pulmonary disease, and cancer tended to make beneficial lifestyle and health behaviour changes. However, older people with cardiovascular disease and depression engaged in more health risk behaviours.; Summary

Korean summary

Key Message
Although the majority of older people with chronic diseases showed beneficial changes in lifestyle and health risk behaviors after the COVID-19 lockdown, public health interventions should be developed to prevent the dangerous long-term effects that COVID-19 pandemic-type situations may have on the health of older people, with a particular focus on older people with CVD and depression that seem to have experienced more health risk behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic than older people with other chronic diseases.

Systematic Review

Quantifying the duration of the preclinical detectable phase in cancer screening: a systematic review: Sandra M. E. Geurts, Anne M. W. M. Aarts, André L. M. Verbeek, Tony H. H. Chen, Mireille J. M. Broeders, Stephen W. Duffy; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022008. Published online January 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022008

5,369 View
397 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to provide an overview of published mathematical estimation approaches to quantify the duration of the preclinical detectable phase (PCDP) using data from cancer screening programs.

METHODS

A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was conducted for original studies presenting mathematical approaches using screening data. The studies were categorized by mathematical approach, data source, and assumptions made. Furthermore, estimates of the duration of the PCDP of breast and colorectal cancer were reported per study population.

RESULTS

From 689 publications, 34 estimation methods were included. Five distinct types of mathematical estimation approaches were identified: prevalence-to-incidence ratio (n=8), maximum likelihood estimation (n=16), expectation-maximization algorithm (n=1), regression of observed on expected (n=6) and Bayesian Markov-chain Monte Carlo estimation (n=5). Fourteen studies used data from both screened and unscreened populations, whereas 19 studies included only information from a screened population. Estimates of the duration of the PCDP varied between 2 years and 7 years for breast cancer in the Health Insurance Plan study (annual mammography and clinical breast examinations in women aged 40-64 years) and 2 years and 5 years for colorectal cancer in the Calvados study (a guaiac fecal occult blood test in men and women aged 45-74 years).

CONCLUSIONS

Different types of mathematical approaches lead to different estimates of the PCDP duration. We advise researchers to use the method that matches the data available, and to use multiple methods for estimation when possible, since no method is perfect.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message
Quantifying the duration of the preclinical detectable phase is important for the design and evaluation of cancer screening programs. Different types of mathematical estimation approaches lead to different estimates of the preclinical detectable phase duration. We advise researchers to use the method that matches the data available, and to use multiple methods for estimation when possible, since no method is perfect.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Estimating the Length of the Preclinical Detectable Phase for Open-Angle Glaucoma
Johan Aspberg, Anders Heijl, Boel Bengtsson
JAMA Ophthalmology.2023; 141(1): 48. CrossRef

Original Articles

Age-specific effects of ozone on pneumonia in Korean children and adolescents: a nationwide time-series study: Kyoung-Nam Kim, Youn-Hee Lim, Sanghyuk Bae, In Gyu Song, Soontae Kim, Yun-Chul Hong; Epidemiol Health. 2022;44:e2022002. Published online December 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2022002

6,309 View
448 Download

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to estimate the age-specific effects of 8-hour maximum ozone levels on pneumonia in children and adolescents.
METHODS
We performed quasi-Poisson regression analyses for individuals of 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years of age using nationwide time-series data from the Korea (2011-2015). We constructed distributed lag linear models employing a generalized difference-in-differences method and controlling for other air pollutants.
RESULTS
A 10.0-parts per billion increase in 8-hour maximum ozone levels was associated with a higher risk of hospital admissions due to pneumonia at 0-4 (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.03) and 5-9 years of age (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08), but not at 10-14 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04) or 15-19 years of age (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.06). The association between ozone and hospital admissions due to pneumonia was stronger in cool seasons (from November to April) than in warm seasons (from May to October), but was similar between boys and girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Short-term exposure to ozone was associated with a higher risk of pneumonia at 0-4 years and 5-9 years of age, but not at 10-14 years or 15-19 years of age. Our findings can help identify vulnerable periods, determine the target populations for public health interventions, and establish air pollution standards.; Summary

Korean summary
-어린이와 청소년에서 대기오염물질인 오존에 단기 노출되었을 때 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하는지를 건강보험공단 청구자료를 이용하여 구축한 시계열자료로 분석하였다. -0-4세, 5-9세 군에서는 오존 단기 노출 시 폐렴으로 인한 입원 위험이 증가하였으나 10-14세, 15-19세 군에서는 입원 위험 증가가 관찰되지 않았다.

Key Message
• The effects of ozone levels on hospital admissions for pneumonia were evaluated. • We used quasi-Poisson time-series models and a difference-in-differences method. • Ozone levels increased hospital admissions for pneumonia at ages 0–4 and 5–9 years. • Evidence for the effects of ozone levels on pneumonia was not found at older ages.

Late eating, blood pressure control, and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults with hypertension: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2018: Jee-Seon Shim, Hyeon Chang Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021101. Published online November 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021101

4,709 View
128 Download

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material: Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Despite growing concerns regarding the timing of eating, little is known about the association between late eating and health. This study aimed to investigate whether late eating is associated with blood pressure (BP) control and cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adults with hypertension.
METHODS
Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2018 were used. Adults with hypertension aged 30-79 years (n=13,361) were included in this study. Dietary intake and information on meal timing were assessed using 1-day 24-hour recall. Late eating was defined as after the median midpoint between the times of the first and the last eating episode during the recall day. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of late eating with BP control and cardiometabolic risk factors.
RESULTS
Among late eaters, there were more men than women. Compared to early eaters, late eaters were younger, had a higher body mass index (BMI) and unhealthier habits, and their overall dietary quality score was lower. A negative association between late eating and BP control was found in a univariate model (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.12), but this association disappeared after adjustment for confounders (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.12). Late eating was independently associated with higher BMI (p=0.03) and blood triglyceride concentration (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results do not support a link between late eating and BP control among adults with hypertension, but suggest that late eating is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors.; Summary

Korean summary
식사시간이 건강에 미치는 영향에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있지만, 이에 대한 근거는 많지 않다. 이 연구는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 고혈압이 있는 성인의 늦은 식사와 혈압 조절, 심장대사 위험인자의 연관성을 분석하였다. 늦은 식사와 혈압 조절의 독립적 연관성은 찾지 못했지만, 늦은 식사는 높은 체질량지수, 혈중 지질 농도와 연관성을 보여 식사 시간 조정이 고혈압 환자의 예후 개선을 위한 유용한 대책이 될 수 있으리라는 근거를 지지한다.

Key Message
This study investigated whether late eating is associated with blood pressure (BP) control and cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adults with hypertension using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2018. We did not find an independent association between late eating and BP control among Korean adults with hypertension, but found that late eating was significantly associated with higher BMI and a higher blood concentration of triglycerides, independent of potential confounders. Our findings support the suggestion that a time-based dietary approach can be used as a useful strategy to improve the prognosis of adults with hypertension.

Trends of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning in Korea, 1951-2018: Jong-Hun Kim, Ah-Young Lim, Hae-Kwan Cheong; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020062. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020062

8,506 View
195 Download
3 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning from coal briquette combustion has been a major public health problem in Korea. In this study, we estimated the time trends of the consumption of anthracite coal and the number of CO poisoning victims over the past 7 decades, in the context of changes in heating facilities.

METHODS

Using Population and Housing Census data and energy statistics, we estimated the number of houses using briquettes as heating fuel between 1951 and 2018. After estimating the incidence of CO poisoning in housing units by heating facility type, we determined the ratio of the number of household members who experienced CO poisoning to the overall number of household members. Finally, we estimated the distribution of the victims according to poisoning severity, excluding victims of intentional exposure.

RESULTS

We estimated that, overall, over 26 million people experienced CO poisoning between 1951 and 2018 in Korea. The household consumption of anthracite peaked in 1986, but the number of victims of CO poisoning peaked at approximately 1 million people in 1980. From 1951 to 2018, the cumulative number of CO poisoning victims comprised approximately 22,830,000 mild cases, 3,570,000 severe cases, and 65,000 deaths.

CONCLUSIONS

The peak in the number of CO poisoning victims occurred 6 years earlier than the peak in the number of people using briquettes for heating. This gap resulted from improvements in briquette heating systems. This finding provides a quantitative basis for epidemiological studies on the health outcomes of CO poisoning in the Korean population.

Summary

Korean summary
과거에 연탄을 난방 연료로 사용함으로써 발생하였던 일산화탄소 중독 사고는 한국 사회에서 주요한 공중 보건 문제였다. 본 연구에서는 지난 70년간 연탄 소비에 따른 일산화탄소 중독 피해자 규모를 추정하였다. 본 연구에서 산출된 결과들은 일산화탄소 중독으로 인하여 지속적으로 나타날 수 있는 건강 피해에 대한 역학 연구의 정량적 근거를 제공하고 있다.

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Trends in mortality related to unintentional poisoning in the South Asian region from 1990 to 2019: analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study
Nadeem Ullah Khan, Uzma Khan, Umerdad Khudadad, Asrar Ali, Ahmed Raheem, Shahan Waheed, Junaid Abdul Razzak
BMJ Open.2023; 13(2): e062744. CrossRef
Acute carbon monoxide poisoning in Shandong, China: an observational study
Lina Zhang, Di Wu, Mingyue Xu, Yonghui Bian, Youcun Wang, Guangkai Gao, Qing Sun
Chinese Medical Journal.2022; 135(13): 1539. CrossRef
Development of delayed neurologic sequelae in acute carbon monoxide poisoning cases caused by briquette-based kotatsu
Makoto Onodera, Yasuhiko Tsukada, Tsuyoshi Suzuki, Kotaro Sorimachi, Kenichi Ebihara, Lubna Sato, Rie Zenda, Satoshi Ueno, Kazuki Sugaya, Ken Iseki
Medicine.2021; 100(16): e25009. CrossRef

Brief Communication

Effects of particulate air pollution on tuberculosis development in seven major cities of Korea from 2010 to 2016: methodological considerations involving long-term exposure and time lag: Honghyok Kim, Sarah Yu, Hongjo Choi; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020012. Published online March 12, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020012

8,503 View
205 Download
13 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Epidemiological evidence of associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) and tuberculosis (TB) risk is accumulating. Two previous studies in Korea found associations between air pollution—especially sulfur dioxide (SO₂)—and TB. In this study, we conducted an annual time-series cross-sectional study to assess the effect of PM with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM₁₀) on TB risk in seven major cities of Korea from 2010 to 2016, taking into account time lag and long-term cumulative exposure.

METHODS

Age-standardized TB notification rates were derived using the Korea National TB Surveillance System. Annual average PM₁₀ concentrations were obtained from annual Korean air quality reports. We applied a generalized linear mixed model with unconstrained distributed lags of exposure to PM₁₀. We adjusted for potential confounders such as age, health behaviors, and area-level characteristics.

RESULTS

Both average annual PM₁₀ concentrations and age-standardized TB notification rates decreased over time. The association between cumulative exposure to PM₁₀ and TB incidence became stronger as a longer exposure duration was considered. An increase of one standard deviation (5.63 μg/m³) in PM₁₀ exposure for six years was associated with a 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.22) times higher TB notification rate. The marginal association of exposure duration with the TB notification rate was highest at four and five years prior to TB notification. This association remained consistent even after adjusting it for exposure to SO₂.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study suggest that cumulative exposure to PM₁₀ may affect TB risk, with a potential lag effect.

Summary

Korean summary
국외 연구에서 미세먼지와 결핵발생의 관련성이 종종 보고되지만, 기존의 국내 연구에서는 관련성이 없는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 미세먼지 노출의 누적효과와 결핵발생과의 시차에 주목하여 수행했다. 연구결과 미세먼지의 누적 노출 효과가 시간적 격차는 결핵발생률과 관련이 확인되었으며, 향후 연구에서도 이와 같은 방법론적 고려가 필요하겠다

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of long-term ambient air pollution exposure on township-level pulmonary tuberculosis notification rates during 2005–2017 in Ningxia, China
Igor Popovic, Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães, Yurong Yang, Shukun Yang, Boyi Yang, Guanghui Dong, Xiaolin Wei, Greg J. Fox, Melanie S. Hammer, Randall V. Martin, Aaron van Donkelaar, Erjia Ge, Guy B. Marks, Luke D. Knibbs
Environmental Pollution.2023; 317: 120718. CrossRef
Risk for development of active tuberculosis in patients with chronic airway disease—a systematic review of evidence
Yohhei Hamada, Christopher J Fong, Andrew Copas, John R Hurst, Molebogeng X Rangaka
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2022; 116(5): 390. CrossRef
Short-term effect of ambient air pollutant change on the risk of tuberculosis outpatient visits: a time-series study in Fuyang, China
Xin-Qiang Wang, Ying-Qing Li, Cheng-Yang Hu, Kai Huang, Kun Ding, Xiao-Jing Yang, Xin Cheng, Kang-Di Zhang, Wen-Jie Yu, Jie Wang, Yong-Zhong Zhang, Zhen-tao Ding, Xiu-Jun Zhang, Xiao-Hong Kan
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022; 29(20): 30656. CrossRef
Impact of the synergistic effect of pneumonia and air pollutants on newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in southern Taiwan
Da-Wei Wu, Yu-Cheng Cheng, Chih-Wen Wang, Chih-Hsing Hung, Pei-Shih Chen, Stephen Chu-Sung Hu, Chun-Hung Richard Lin, Szu-Chia Chen, Chao-Hung Kuo
Environmental Research.2022; 212: 113215. CrossRef
Short-term effect of particulate air pollutant on the risk of tuberculosis outpatient visits: A multicity ecological study in Anhui, China
Xin-Qiang Wang, Kai Huang, Xin Cheng, Cheng-Yang Hu, Kun Ding, Xiao-Jing Yang, Kang-Di Zhang, Wen-Jie Yu, Jie Wang, Ying-Qing Li, Shuang-Shuang Chen, Xiu-Jun Zhang, Xiao-Hong Kan
Atmospheric Environment.2022; 280: 119129. CrossRef
Modeling and Predicting Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence and Its Association with Air Pollution and Meteorological Factors Using an ARIMAX Model: An Ecological Study in Ningbo of China
Yun-Peng Chen, Le-Fan Liu, Yang Che, Jing Huang, Guo-Xing Li, Guo-Xin Sang, Zhi-Qiang Xuan, Tian-Feng He
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(9): 5385. CrossRef
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between ambient air pollution and pulmonary tuberculosis
Christian Akem Dimala, Benjamin Momo Kadia
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and greenness in relation to pulmonary tuberculosis in China: A nationwide modelling study
Sui Zhu, Ya Wu, Qian Wang, Lijie Gao, Liang Chen, Fangfang Zeng, Pan Yang, Yanhui Gao, Jun Yang
Environmental Research.2022; 214: 114100. CrossRef
Ambient air pollution, temperature and hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases in a cold, industrial city
Huanhuan Jia, Jiaying Xu, Liangwen Ning, Tianyu Feng, Peng Cao, Shang Gao, Panpan Shang, Xihe Yu
Journal of Global Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations of exposures to air pollution and greenness with mortality in a newly treated tuberculosis cohort
Xin-Qiang Wang, Kang-Di Zhang, Wen-Jie Yu, Jia-Wen Zhao, Kai Huang, Cheng-Yang Hu, Xiu-Jun Zhang, Xiao-Hong Kan
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis and effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on tuberculosis in Shijiazhuang, China: A distribution lag non-linear analysis
Wenjuan Wang, Weiheng Guo, Jianning Cai, Wei Guo, Ran Liu, Xuehui Liu, Ning Ma, Xiaolin Zhang, Shiyong Zhang
Environmental Research.2021; 195: 110310. CrossRef
Association between ambient air pollution and tuberculosis risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kun Xiang, Zhiwei Xu, Yu-Qian Hu, Yi-Sheng He, Yi-Lin Dan, Qian Wu, Xue-Hui Fang, Hai-Feng Pan
Chemosphere.2021; 277: 130342. CrossRef
Ambient air pollution and respiratory bacterial infections, a troubling association: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and future challenges
Arianna Pompilio, Giovanni Di Bonaventura
Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2020; 46(5): 600. CrossRef

Original Articles

Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition and associated factors among under-5 children in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study: Mekonen Adimasu, Girum Sebsibie, Fikrtemariam Abebe, Getaneh Baye, Kerebih Abere; Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020003. Published online February 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2020003

10,370 View
285 Download
6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is often a neglected topic despite its clinical impact. Although a few studies have examined nutritional recovery time, the length of hospitalization in those studies varied greatly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the recovery time from SAM and to identify predictors of length of hospitalization among under-5 children.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 423 under-5 children with SAM who had been admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate time to nutritional recovery, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors.

RESULTS

The nutritional recovery rate was 81.3%, and the median recovery time was 15.00 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.61 to 16.39). Age, daily weight gain per kilogram of body weight, vaccination status, and the existence of at least 1 comorbidity (e.g., pneumonia, stunting, shock, and deworming) were found to be significant independent predictors of nutritional recovery time. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for nutritional recovery decreased by 1.9% for every 1-month increase in child age (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99).

CONCLUSIONS

The overall nutritional recovery time in this study was within the Sphere standards. However, approximately 13.0% of children stayed in the hospital for more than 28.00 days, which is an unacceptably large proportion. Daily weight gain of ≥8 g/kg, full vaccination, and deworming with albendazole or mebendazole reduced nutritional recovery time. Conversely, older age, pneumonia, stunting, and shock increased nutritional recovery time.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comorbidities of Child Malnutrition in Low- and Medium-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Tshepiso Moate, Tinda Rabie, Catharina Minnie, Anne Mäenpää
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition.2022; 75(4): 400. CrossRef
Severe acute malnutrition’s recovery rate still below the minimum standard: predictors of time to recovery among 6- to 59-month-old children in the healthcare setting of Southwest Ethiopia
Seyum Ebissa Eyi, Gebiso Roba Debele, Efrem Negash, Kebebe Bidira, Debela Tarecha, Kabtamu Nigussie, Mohammedamin Hajure, Mohammedjud Hassen Ahmed, Bilisumamulifna Tefera Kefeni
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Preparation and quality characterization of marine small pelagic fish powder: A novel ready-to-use nutritious food product for vulnerable populations
Abdullah-Al Mamun, Shuva Bhowmik, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Sharmin Akter, Tanjina Pias, MUM Abu Zakaria, Md. Monirul Islam, Hillary Egna, Ford Evans, Md Abdul Wahab, Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, David C. Little
Measurement: Food.2022; 8: 100067. CrossRef
Assessment, outcomes and implications of multiple anthropometric deficits in children
Idzes Kundan, Rajalakshmi Nair, Shashwat Kulkarni, Aparna Deshpande, Raju Jotkar, Mrudula Phadke
BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health.2021; 4(1): 267. CrossRef
Risk factors for severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6–59 months: A community-based case-control study from Vellore, Southern India
SamM David, RubyA Pricilla, SherinS Paul, Kuryan George, Anuradha Bose, JasminH Prasad
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2020; 9(5): 2237. CrossRef
Time to Recovery and Its Predictors among Children 6–59 Months Admitted with Severe Acute Malnutrition to East Amhara Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Telahun Kasa Tefera, Solomon Mekonnen Abebe, Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw, Freezer Girma Mekasha
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef

Comparison of estimates and time series stability of Korea Community Health Survey and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Ji Son Ki, Ho Kim; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019012. Published online April 7, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019012

9,629 View
261 Download
2 Citations

Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In South Korea, there are two nationwide health surveys conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: the Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS) and Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The two surveys are directly comparable, as they have the same target population with some common items, and because both surveys are used in various analyses, identifying the similarities and disparities between the two surveys would promote their appropriate use. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the estimates of six variables in KCHS and eight variables in KNHANES over a six-year period and compare time series stability of region-specific and sex- and age-specific subgroup estimates.

METHODS

Data from adults aged 19 years or older in the 2010-2015 KCHS and KNHANES were examined to analyze the differences of estimates and 95% confidence interval for self-rated health, current smoking rate, monthly drinking rate, hypertension diagnosis rate, diabetes diagnosis rate, obesity prevalence, hypertension prevalence, and diabetes prevalence. The variables were then clustered into subgroups by city as well as sex and age to assess the time series stability of the estimates based on mean square error.

RESULTS

With the exception of self-rated health, the estimates taken based on questionnaires, namely current smoking rate, monthly drinking rate, hypertension diagnosis rate, and diabetes diagnosis rate, only differed by less than 1.0%p for both KCHS and KNHANES. However, for KNHANES, estimates taken from physical examination data, namely obesity prevalence, hypertension prevalence, and diabetes prevalence, differed by 1.9-8.4%p, which was greater than the gap in the estimates taken from questionnaires. KCHS had a greater time series stability for subgroup estimates than KNHANES.

CONCLUSIONS

When using the data from KCHS and KNHANES, the data should be selected and used based on the purpose of analysis and policy and in consideration of the various differences between the two data.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구는 지역사회건강조사와 국민건강영양조사의 2010년부터 2015년까지 6년간의 자료로 각각 6개, 8개 변수의 추정치를 비교하였다. 설문변수 간의 추정치 차이보다 설문변수와 검진변수간의 추정치의 더 차이가 컸고 하위그룹별 시계열 변동은 지역사회건강조사가 더 안정적이었다.

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior in national health surveys, South America
Danilo R. Silva, Luciana L. Barboza, Se-Sergio Baldew, Cecilia Anza-Ramirez, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez, Felipe B. Schuch, Thayse N. Gomes, Kabir P. Sadarangani, Antonio García-Hermoso, Ramfis Nieto-Martinez, Gerson Ferrari, J. Jaime Miranda, André O. Werneck
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública.2022; 46: 1. CrossRef
Differences in accuracy of height, weight, and body mass index between self-reported and measured using the 2018 Korea Community Health Survey data
Yoonsil Ko, Sunhye Choi, Jisoo Won, Yeon-Kyeng Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim, Seon Kui Lee
Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022024. CrossRef

Review

Efficacy of miltefosine compared with glucantime for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Sohrab Iranpour, Ali Hosseinzadeh, Abbas Alipour; Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019011. Published online March 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019011

9,510 View
310 Download
9 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is most common form of leishmaniasis and is characterized by ulcerative skin lesions. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials that compared the efficacy of miltefosine and glucantime for the treatment of CL. We searched the following databases: Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform search portal of World Health Organization, Sid, Irandoc, Magiran, and clinicaltrials.gov. We used keywords including “miltefosine,” “glucantime,” and “Leishmania.” The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random-effects model was employed for the analysis. We assessed heterogeneity by the chi-square test and the I2 index statistic. When heterogeneity was present, meta-regression analyses were performed. The Egger method was used to assess publication bias; when it was significant, the trim-and-fill method was used to test and adjust for publication bias. A total of 1,570 reports were identified, of which 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, there was no significant difference between the efficacy of miltefosine and glucantime; however, subgroup analysis showed that, regarding parasite species other than Leishmania braziliensis, miltefosine was significantly superior to glucantime (intention to treat; relative risk, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.32). In the meta-regression, only the glucantime injection type was significant at the p=0.1 level. The Egger test found statistically significant publication bias; however, including the 3 missing studies in the trim-and-fill analysis did not change the results. This meta-analysis found that miltefosine seems to be more effective than glucantime, at least in species other than L. braziliensis, for treating CL.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell‐derived Extracellular Vesicles in Preclinical Animal Models of Tumor Growth: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Adrian J.M. Bailey, Alvin Tieu, Manika Gupta, Mitchell Slobodian, Risa Shorr, Tim Ramsay, Rosendo A. Rodriguez, Dean A. Fergusson, Manoj M. Lalu, David S. Allan
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports.2022; 18(3): 993. CrossRef
Tratamiento de leishmaniasis cutánea infantil con miltefosina
P.J. Barba, D. Morgado-Carrasco, A. Quera
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas.2022; 113(8): 827. CrossRef
[Translated article] Miltefosine to Treat Childhood Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
P.J. Barba, D. Morgado-Carrasco, A. Quera
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas.2022; 113(8): T827. CrossRef
Leishmaniasis cutánea y mucocutánea
I. Abadías-Granado, A. Diago, P.A. Cerro, A.M. Palma-Ruiz, Y. Gilaberte
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas.2021; 112(7): 601. CrossRef
Comparative assessment of interventions for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Kannan Sridharan, Gowri Sivaramakrishnan
Acta Tropica.2021; 220: 105944. CrossRef
Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
I. Abadías-Granado, A. Diago, P.A. Cerro, A.M. Palma-Ruiz, Y. Gilaberte
Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition).2021; 112(7): 601. CrossRef
Lanthanide(III) Based Complexes Containing 5,7‐Dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidine as Long‐Lived Photoluminescent Antiparasitic Agents
Ginés M. Esteban‐Parra, Inmaculada Moscoso, Javier Cepeda, Jose A. García, Manuel Sánchez‐Moreno, Antonio Rodríguez‐Diéguez, Miguel Quirós
European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry.2020; 2020(3): 308. CrossRef
Intraspecific Genomic Divergence and Minor Structural Variations in Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis
Luz H. Patino, Marina Muñoz, Carlos Muskus, Claudia Méndez, Juan David Ramírez
Genes.2020; 11(3): 252. CrossRef
Parasitological and immunological evaluation of a novel chemotherapeutic agent against visceral leishmaniasis
Isabela A. G. Pereira, Débora V. C. Mendonça, Grasiele S. V. Tavares, Daniela P. Lage, Fernanda F. Ramos, João A. Oliveira‐da‐Silva, Luciana M. R. Antinarelli, Amanda S. Machado, Lívia M. Carvalho, Ana Maria R. S. Carvalho, Iorrana V. Salustiano, Thiago A
Parasite Immunology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Geographical distribution of health indicators related to snake bites and envenomation in Morocco between 1999 and 2013: Faiçal El hattimy, Fouad Chafiq, Hinde Hami, Abdelghani Mokhtari, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Soulaymani Bencheikh Rachida; Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018024. Published online June 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018024

9,125 View
202 Download
6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Envenomation from snake bites is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological features of snake bites in Morocco and to evaluate time-space trends in snake bite incidence, the mortality rate, and the case-fatality rate.

METHODS

This is a retrospective study of snake bite cases reported to the Moroccan Poison Control Center between 1999 and 2013.

RESULTS

During the study period, 2,053 people were bitten by snakes in Morocco. Most victims were adults (55.4%). The average age of the patients was 26.48±17.25 years. More than half of the cases (58.1%) were males. Approximately 75% of snake bites happened in rural areas, and 85 deaths were recorded during this period. The incidence of snake bites remained generally steady over the 15-year period of this study, with a marked increase noted since 2012. The mortality rate has increased slightly, from 0.02 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in 1999 to 0.05 in 2013. The geographical distribution of snake bite cases in the regions of Morocco showed that Tanger-Tétouan had the highest annual incidence of snake bites (1.41 bites per 100,000 inhabitants). However, the highest annual mortality rates were recorded in the Guelmim-Es Semara and Souss-Massa-Drâa regions (0.09 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants for both regions).

CONCLUSIONS

The geographical distribution of the incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rates of snake bites in Morocco showed large disparities across regions during the three 5-year periods included in this study, meaning that certain areas can be considered high-risk for snake bites.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Snake antivenom production in Ecuador: Poor implementation, and an unplanned cessation leads to a call for a renaissance
Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Justin Yeager, Felipe Andrade, Camila Schiavi-Guzman, Paola Abedrabbo-Figueroa, Enrique Terán, Lenin Gómez-Barreno, Katherine Simbaña-Rivera, Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy
Toxicon.2021; 202: 90. CrossRef
Practical Review of the Management of Animal Bites
Andrei N. Savu, Anna R. Schoenbrunner, Rachel Politi, Jeffrey E. Janis
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open.2021; 9(9): e3778. CrossRef
Ophidian envenomation in Morocco: Analysis of specific hospitalization records (2012-2015)
Faiçal El Hattimy, Chafiq Fouad, Hermann-Désiré Lallié, Abdelrhani Mokhtari, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Rachida Soulaymani, S. Bourekkadi, H. Hami, A. Mokhtari, K. Slimani, A. Soulaymani
E3S Web of Conferences.2021; 319: 01071. CrossRef
Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa
Timothy P. Jenkins, Shirin Ahmadi, Matyas A. Bittenbinder, Trenton K. Stewart, Dilber E. Akgun, Melissa Hale, Nafiseh N. Nasrabadi, Darian S. Wolff, Freek J. Vonk, Jeroen Kool, Andreas H. Laustsen, Jean-Philippe Chippaux
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(12): e0009880. CrossRef
Epidemiological profile and outcomes of snakebite injuries treated in emergency departments in South Korea, 2011–2016: a descriptive study
Mohd Zaki Fadzil Senek, So Yeon Kong, Sang Do Shin, Kyong Min Sun, Jungeun Kim, Young Sun Ro
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 113(10): 590. CrossRef
Epidemiology, ecology and human perceptions of snakebites in a savanna community of northern Ghana
Yahaya Musah, Evans P. K. Ameade, Daniel K. Attuquayefio, Lars H. Holbech, Jean-Philippe Chippaux
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(8): e0007221. CrossRef

Forecasting and prediction of scorpion sting cases in Biskra province, Algeria, using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model: Schehrazad Selmane, Mohamed L’Hadj; Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016044. Published online October 14, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016044

11,016 View
270 Download
3 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study were to highlight some epidemiological aspects of scorpion envenomations, to analyse and interpret the available data for Biskra province, Algeria, and to develop a forecasting model for scorpion sting cases in Biskra province, which records the highest number of scorpion stings in Algeria.

METHODS

In addition to analysing the epidemiological profile of scorpion stings that occurred throughout the year 2013, we used the Box-Jenkins approach to fit a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to the monthly recorded scorpion sting cases in Biskra from 2000 to 2012.

RESULTS

The epidemiological analysis revealed that scorpion stings were reported continuously throughout the year, with peaks in the summer months. The most affected age group was 15 to 49 years old, with a male predominance. The most prone human body areas were the upper and lower limbs. The majority of cases (95.9%) were classified as mild envenomations. The time series analysis showed that a (5,1,0)×(0,1,1)12 SARIMA model offered the best fit to the scorpion sting surveillance data. This model was used to predict scorpion sting cases for the year 2013, and the fitted data showed considerable agreement with the actual data.

CONCLUSIONS

SARIMA models are useful for monitoring scorpion sting cases, and provide an estimate of the variability to be expected in future scorpion sting cases. This knowledge is helpful in predicting whether an unusual situation is developing or not, and could therefore assist decision-makers in strengthening the province’s prevention and control measures and in initiating rapid response measures.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in Algeria: A monocentric retrospective study
Mohamed Amine Kerdoun
Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique.2022; 34(1): 4. CrossRef
Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa
Timothy P. Jenkins, Shirin Ahmadi, Matyas A. Bittenbinder, Trenton K. Stewart, Dilber E. Akgun, Melissa Hale, Nafiseh N. Nasrabadi, Darian S. Wolff, Freek J. Vonk, Jeroen Kool, Andreas H. Laustsen, Jean-Philippe Chippaux
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(12): e0009880. CrossRef
Predictive determinants of scorpion stings in a tropical zone of south Iran: use of mixed seasonal autoregressive moving average model
Vahid Ebrahimi, Esmael Hamdami, Mohammad Djaefar Moemenbellah-Fard, Shahrokh Ezzatzadegan Jahromi
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

Modeling and forecasting of the under-five mortality rate in Kermanshah province in Iran: a time series analysis: Mehran Rostami, Abdollah Jalilian, Behrooz Hamzeh, Zahra Laghaei; Epidemiol Health. 2015;37:e2015003. Published online January 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih/e2015003

14,861 View
208 Download
4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The target of the Fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG-4) is to reduce the rate of under-five mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Despite substantial progress towards achieving the target of the MDG-4 in Iran at the national level, differences at the sub-national levels should be taken into consideration.

METHODS

The under-five mortality data available from the Deputy of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, was used in order to perform a time series analysis of the monthly under-five mortality rate (U5MR) from 2005 to 2012 in Kermanshah province in the west of Iran. After primary analysis, a seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average model was chosen as the best fitting model based on model selection criteria.

RESULTS

The model was assessed and proved to be adequate in describing variations in the data. However, the unexpected presence of a stochastic increasing trend and a seasonal component with a periodicity of six months in the fitted model are very likely to be consequences of poor quality of data collection and reporting systems.

CONCLUSIONS

The present work is the first attempt at time series modeling of the U5MR in Iran, and reveals that improvement of under-five mortality data collection in health facilities and their corresponding systems is a major challenge to fully achieving the MGD-4 in Iran. Studies similar to the present work can enhance the understanding of the invisible patterns in U5MR, monitor progress towards the MGD-4, and predict the impact of future variations on the U5MR.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Predicting the detection of leprosy in a hyperendemic area of Brazil: Using time series analysis
Vera Gregório, Dinilson Pedroza, Celivane Barbosa, Gilberto Bezerra, Ulisses Montarroyos, Cristine Bonfim, Zulma Medeiros
Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology.2021; 87: 651. CrossRef
Forecasting Malaysia Under-5 Mortality Using State Space Model
N F Abd Nasir, A N Muzaffar, S N E Rahmat, W Z Wan Husin, N S Zainal Abidin
Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2020; 1496: 012001. CrossRef
Multivariate Long Memory Cohort Mortality Models
Hongxuan Yan, Gareth Peters, Jennifer Chan
SSRN Electronic Journal .2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Forecast analysis of any opportunistic infection among HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda
John Rubaihayo, Nazarius M. Tumwesigye, Joseph Konde-Lule, Fredrick Makumbi
BMC Public Health.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

Note

Bias in Cancer Screening Evaluation.: Sang Heon Yoon, Hyeon Woo Yim, Won Chul Lee; Korean J Epidemiol. 2008;30(1):12-24. Published online June 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/kje.2008.30.1.12

65,535 View
67 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Abstract

Cancer screening evaluation will be a important issue in Korea in near future. Bias in cancer screening evaluation is well known by concept, but it is not applied yet using the data from screening program of Korea. So introducing the way how the bias is adjusted will be helpful. This review deals with the type, meaning, the way how the bias is adjusted, and examples. Especially, lead-time bias, length bias and self-selection bias were focused. Adjusting bias is one of the imperative step for epidemiologic analysis. Understanding the background concept and experience using the screening program data will be helpful for estimating the effectiveness of national screening program of Korea.

Summary

Korean summary

Key Message

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evidence-based National Cancer Screening program of Korea
Won-Chul Lee
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2011; 54(10): 1028. CrossRef

First
Prev
Page of 2
Next
Last

Search