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1Department of Ophthalmology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
4Healthcare Information & Communications Technology (ICT) Research Center, Office of eHealth Research and Businesses, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
5Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
6Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
7Eye Hospital, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
8Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
©2021, Korean Society of Epidemiology
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study.
FUNDING
This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant No. HI19C0373).
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: SJP, DJC. Data curation: YRC, KL, JHS, YGP, YHP, YJR, SJW, KHP. Formal analysis: SCY, DYL, SK, RWP, SY. Funding acquisition: SJP, DJC. Methodology: SJP, DJC, RWP, SY. Project administration: SJP, DJC. Visualization: YM, DYL, SJP. Writing – original draft: YM. Writing – review & editing: SJP, DJP, SCY, SY, RWP, DYL, SK, YRC, KL, JHS, YGP, YHP, YJR, SJW, KHP.
Data source | No. of patients | Male | Female |
---|---|---|---|
Center A | 1,734,565 | 828,617 (47.8) | 905,948 (52.2) |
Center B | 3,219,111 | 1,541,620 (47.9) | 1,677,491 (52.1) |
Center C | 3,109,677 | 1,649,109 (53.0) | 1,460,568 (47.0) |
Total no. of patients | 8,063,353 | 4,019,346 (49.8) | 4,044,007 (50.1) |
Characteristics | Total |
Endophthalmitis |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All drugs | Bevacizumab | Ranibizumab | Aflibercept | All drugs | Bevacizumab | Ranibizumab | Aflibercept | ||
No. of patients | 23,490 | 20,901 | 4,498 | 2,804 | 37 | 33 | 3 | 1 | |
No. of injections | 128,123 | 93,281 | 21,598 | 13,244 | 38 | 34 | 3 | 1 | |
Sex, male | 12,726 (54.2) | 11,258 (53.9) | 2,526 (56.2) | 1,741 (62.1) | 27 (73.0) | 25 (75.8) | 2 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
Age at first anti-VEGF injection | 62.4±13.7 | 61.6±13.7 | 69.3±10.8 | 68.9±10.9 | 61.6±16.1 | 61.7±16.0 | 74.7±13.0 | 74.2±0.0 | |
Comorbidities | |||||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 5,649 (24.0) | 5,356 (25.6) | 709 (15.8) | 443 (15.8) | 17 (45.9) | 17 (51.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Hypertension | 3,688 (15.7) | 3,335 (16.0) | 677 (15.1) | 464 (16.5) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Ischemic heart disease | 1,305 (5.6) | 1,152 (5.5) | 266 (5.9) | 186 (6.6) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Atrial fibrillation | 261 (1.1) | 228 (1.1) | 67 (1.5) | 42 (1.5) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 1,713 (7.3) | 1,559 (7.5) | 416 (9.2) | 253 (9.0) | 3 (8.1) | 3 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Cancer | 1,797 (7.7) | 1,569 (7.5) | 401 (8.9) | 295 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Chronic kidney disease | 1,247 (5.3) | 1,198 (5.7) | 102 (2.3) | 85 (3.0) | 4 (10.8) | 4 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 253 (1.1) | 213 (1.0) | 76 (1.7) | 52 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Variables | No. of injections |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Without endophthalmitis | With endophthalmitis | Incidence (per 10,000 injections) | ||
Drug | ||||
Bevacizumab (2.00 mg/0.05 mL) | 93,247 | 34 | 3.64 | |
Ranibizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) | 21,595 | 3 | 1.39 | |
Aflibercept (0.50 mg/0.05 mL) | 13,243 | 1 | 0.76 | |
Indication | ||||
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration | 58,790 | 11 | 1.87 | |
Retinal vein occlusion | 7,013 | 3 | 4.28 | |
Diabetic macular edema | 11,843 | 3 | 2.53 | |
Others | 50,439 | 21 | 4.16 | |
Year | ||||
2007 | 2,287 | 3 | 13.11 | |
2008 | 2,782 | 5 | 17.97 | |
2009 | 4,126 | 2 | 4.84 | |
2010 | 5,674 | 5 | 8.80 | |
2011 | 8,116 | 1 | 1.23 | |
2012 | 8,992 | 0 | 0.00 | |
2013 | 10,258 | 0 | 0.00 | |
2014 | 11,674 | 5 | 4.28 | |
2015 | 15,170 | 2 | 1.32 | |
2016 | 17,350 | 3 | 1.73 | |
2017 | 19,807 | 8 | 4.04 | |
2018 | 21,849 | 4 | 1.83 | |
Overall | 128,085 | 38 | 2.97 |
Values are presented as number (%). OMOP, Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership; CDM, Common Data Model.
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).